Ammonium mucate

Prepared by heating ammonium mucate, or from butyne-l,4-diol and ammonia in the presence of an alumina catalyst. The pyrrole molecule is aromatic in character. It is not basic and the imino-hydrogen atom can be replaced by potassium. Many pyrrole derivatives occur naturally, e.g. proline, indican, haem and chlorophyll. 

Ammonium mucate is heated with an equal weight of glycerol yields of 40 52 per cent of the theoretical amount are... 

Pyrrole from Ammonium Mucate.3—Mucic acid (15 g.) is dis-... 

Pyrrole can be obtained by fractional distillation of bone oil and purification through the potassium derivative.1 The only synthetic method offering any possibilities involves the thermal decomposition of ammonium mucate, either alone 2 or in presence of glycerol.3... 

On the other hand, five-membered heterocycles with one nitrogen in the ring are less readily available directly from carbohydrates. Thus, the pyrrole 11 has been formed from ammonium mucate of 10 under thermal conditions [33]. The respective pyrrole analogs of 7 and 8 with the tetrahy-... 

Furfurol (fural), the aldehyde of furan, was obtained by Fownes (1845, see p. 271) by distilling bran with dilute sulphuric acid. W. E. Stone and B. Tollens found that this reaction is quantitative with pentoses. Furan was discovered in pine-wood tar by Limpricht, who also obtained it by distilling barium pyromucate. He called it tetraphenor, the name furfurane being proposed by Baeyer. H. B. HilF pointed out its relation to pyromucic and maleic acids. Pyrrole was discovered, but not isolated in a pure state, by Runge (1834, see p. 184). H. Schwanert obtained it by distilling ammonium mucate, and A. C. Bell by distilling succinimide with zinc dust. 

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