Ammonium carbonate Aniline

Carbon monoxide is also absorbed by solutions of cuprous chloride in ammonium hydroxide, aniline, o-toluidine, pyridine, and piperidine, the maximum absorption corresponding with one molecule of the monoxide to each atom of copper. Carbon monoxide is not absorbed by mixtures of either alcohol and cuprous chloride, or alcoholic hydrogen chloride and cuprous chloride.5... 

Adipic Acid 124-04-9 Ammonium Carbonate 506-87-6 Aniline Sulfate 542-16-5... 

The preparation of (Rp) and (Sp)-N, N, O -tribenzoyladenosine 3, 5 -phosphoranilidates (96) has been greatly improved by treating the cyclic phosphate (97) with oxalyl chloride and a catalytic amount of DMF, rather than the triphenylphosphine-carbon tetrachloride mixture (Appel reaction) used previously, followed by addition of aniline. 5 near-quantitative yield of (97) obtained as a mixture of diastereoisomers is easily separated. The cyclic phosphoramidates (98-100) have also been obtained in improved yield by treating cAMP with a mixture of phosphoryl chloride and trimethyl phosphate (which had previously been pretreated with one-half a molar equivalent of water) at 0°, followed by ammonium carbonate or the appropriate amine. x e (Sp)-diastereoisomers are formed in excess, e.g. for (100) yields of 13 % of the Rp-isomer and 54 % of the Sp-isomer are obtained, and the proportion of Rp-product decreases further if pre-treatment with... 

Amino-l-vinyltetrazole, 319 Amino-p-xylylene, 82 Ammonium carbonate, 156 Ammonium metavanadate, 141 Ammonium ninate, 320 Aniline hydrochloride, 303 Anthracene, 13, 21... 

The use of aqueous cuprous-ammonium carbonate and formate solutions was first described in a patent to Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik (1914). Subsequently, the aqueous process was utilized in many plants and the chemistry of the process was studied extensively. More recently, a process based on the use of cuprous aluminum chloride in an aromatic solvent carrier (the COSORB process) has been developed. The new process is reported to have the advantages of greater complex stability and a lower corrosion rate. Both the aqueous and non-aqueous processes are discussed in the following sections. Although the aqueous process is now seldom used, it is included in the discussion because of its historical and technical interest. A more detailed discussion of the aqueous process is given in previous... 

Pheiiyl iso-thiocyanate may be prepared in quantity directly from aniline. Aniline, carbon disulphide and concentrated aqueous ammonia react to form the sparingly soluble ammonium phenyldithiocarbamate this is decomposed by lead nitrate to produce phenyl iso-thiocyanate ... 

Equip a 500 ml. three-necked flask with a powerful mechanical stirrer and a separatory funnel leave the third neck open or loosely stoppered. Introduce, while the flask is cooled in a freezing mixture of ice and salt, 90 ml. of concentrated ammonia solution (sp. gr. 0 -88) and 54 g. (43 ml.) of pure (e.g., A.R.) carbon disulphide. Stir the mixture and run in 56 g. (55ml.)of pure aniline from the separatory funnel during about 20minutes stir for a further 30 minutes, and allow to stand for another 30 minutes. A heavy precipitate of ammonium phenyldithiocarbamate separates. Transfer the salt to a 5 litre round-bottomed flask by four extractions with 200 ml. portions of water. Add to the resulting solution, with... 

Formic acid is a good reducing agent in the presence of Pd on carbon as a catalyst. Aromatic nitro compounds are reduced to aniline with formic acid[100]. Selective reduction of one nitro group in 2,4-dinitrotoluene (112) with triethylammonium formate is possible[101]. o-Nitroacetophenone (113) is first reduced to o-aminoacetophenone, then to o-ethylaniline when an excess of formate is used[102]. Ammonium and potassium formate are also used for the reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds. Pd on carbon is a good catalyst[103,104]. NaBH4 is also used for the Pd-catalyzed reduction of nitro compounds 105]. However, the ,/)-unsaturated nitroalkene 114 is partially reduced to the oxime 115 with ammonium formate[106]... 

In a 500-cc. round-bottom flask (Note i) fitted with a mechanical stirrer and surrounded by an ice-salt cooling bath, are placed 54 g. (0.71 mole) of carbon disulfide and 90 cc. (1.3 moles) of concentrated ammonium hydroxide (sp. g. 0.9). The stirrer is started and 56 g. (0.6 mole) of aniline (Note 2) is run into the mixture from a separatory funnel at such a rate that the addition is complete in about twenty minutes. The stirring is continued for thirty minutes after all of the aniline has been added, and then the reaction mixture is allowed to stand for another, thirty minutes. During this time a heavy precipitate of ammonium phenyl dithiocarbamate separates and may even stop the stirrer. 

Addition of bases or acids to nitromethane renders it susceptible to initiation by a detonator. These include aniline, diaminoethane, iminobispropylamine, morpholine, methylamine, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and formic, nitric, sulfuric or phosphoric acids. 

Nitroarenes are reduced to anilines (>85%) under the influence of metal carbonyl complexes. In a two-phase system, the complex hydridoiron complex [HFe,(CO)u]2-is produced from tri-iron dodecacarbonyl at the interface between the organic phase and the basic aqueous phase [7], The generation of the active hydridoiron complex is catalysed by a range of quaternary ammonium salts and an analogous hydrido-manganese complex is obtained from dimanganese decacarbonyl under similar conditions [8], Virtually no reduction occurs in the absence of the quaternary ammonium salt, and the reduction is also suppressed by the presence of carbon monoxide [9], In contrast, dicobalt octacarbonyl reacts with quaternary ammonium fluorides to form complexes which do not reduce nitroarenes. 

Ammonium salts contain a nitrogen atom with four bonds that has a positive charge. Four-bonded nitrogen atoms derived from amines are ammonium ions (if they re derived from aniline, they re anilinium ions). If the four bonds are all to carbon atoms, the nitrogen atom is quaternary. Salts contain a cation (named first) and an anion (named last). Typical anions include Cl (chloride), Bi" (bromide), HSO (hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate), and NOj-(nitrate). Figure 13-5 shows two examples of ammonium ions. 

Hydrazotc acid, HN,. ply.. = 4.72, and most of its covalent compounds (including its heavy metal salts) are explosive. It is formed (1) in 90% yield by reaction of sodium amide with nitrous oxide, (2) by reaction of hydraztntum ion with nitrous acid, (3) by oxidation of hydrazimum salts, (4) by reactio n of hydt azinium hydrate with nitrogen trichloride tin benzene solution). Hvdrazoic acid forms metal azides with the corresponding hydroxides and carbonates. It reacts with HC1 to give ammonium chlonde and nitrogen, with H2SO4 to form hydrazinium acid solfate, with benzene to form aniline, and it enters into a number of oxidation-reduction reactions. 

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