Aminotransferases mediate

Both muscle and liver have aminotransferases, which, unlike deaminases, do not release the amino groups as free ammonium ion. This class of enzymes transfers the amino group from one carbon skeleton (an amino acid) to another (usually a-ketoglutarate, a citric acid cycle intermediate). Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) derived from vitamin is required to mediate the transfer. 

In a recent study, DR mice exhibited lower inflammatory damage induced by LPS. Balb/c mice were subjected to 40% DR and challenged with 25 pg of LPS. The DR mice had attenuated increases in the proinflammatory cytokines consistent with the lower liver damage characterized by lower plasma alanine aminotranferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and histopathological analysis. The DR mice also had higher circulating corticosterone, a mediator of antiinflammatory action in DR,... 

Transamination reactions combine reversible amina-tion and deamination, and they mediate redistribution of amino groups among amino acids. Transaminases (aminotransferases) are widely distributed in human tissues and are particularly active in heart muscle, liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney. The general reaction of transamination is... 

Y. N. Sun, D. C. DuBois, R. R. Ahnon, N. A. Pyszczynski, and W. J. Jusko, Dose-dependence and repeated-dose studies for receptor/gene-mediated pharmacodynamics of methylprednisolone on glucocorticoid receptor down-regulation and tyrosine aminotransferase induction in rat liver. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 26 619-648 (1998). 

The induction of hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) mRNA and activity is a classical measure of corticosteroid-mediated pharmacogenomic effects. The TAT dynamics are modeled in a manner consistent with precursor-dependent models, where the stimulation function acts on the production rate of the precursor species ... 

Kato, K., Selective repression of benzoate or tryptophan mediated induction of liver tyrosine aminotransferase by phentolamine in adrenalectomized rats, FEBS Lett., 8, 316, 1970. 

The almost universal presence of adenosine 3 , 5 cyclic phosphate (cAMP) as a biologic regulator in microbial and hormone-sensitive animal tissues raises the question of whether this nucleotide might mediate the steroid hormone effect on specific enzyme synthesis. This possibility is made especially attractive because certain enzymes known to be induced by the steroids can also be induced by the cyclic nucleotide. Thus, several enzymes which are induced in the prostate or seminal vesicles by (dihydro) testosterone can also be induced by cAMP (Singhal et al., 1970). Likewise, tyrosine aminotransferase is inducible in embryonic and adult liver by the cyclic nucleotide as well as by the glucocorticoids (Wicks, 1968). 

Peterkofsky, B., and G. M. Tomkins. 1967. Effect of inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis on steroid-mediated induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in hepatoma cell cultures. J. Molec. Biol., 30 49. 

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