Amino plastics, properties

The United States production of amino plastics was more than 3 billion pounds in 2001. The urea-formadehyde polymers account for slightly more than 85% of the total. The amino plastics are similar in properties to the phenolics but are clearer and colorless. They are also harder but have somewhat lower impact strength and resistance to heat and moisture. The melamine resins are better than the ureas in hardness and resistance to heat and moisture. The melamine and urea resins are rated for continuous use at temperatures of 130-150°C and 100°C, respectively. The general applications of the amino and phenolic plastics are the same but there are uses where the amino plastics are superior. The melamine resins find an important niche due to their combination of clarity and lack of color compared to the phenolics and their superior hardness and heat and moisture resistance compared to... 

Aliquat 336 is a commercially available extractant, extensively applied as a carrier in PlMs, which also has plasticizing properties. For this reason, it is frequently used in the manufacturing of PlMs without the addition of a separate plasticizer [17,18], Aliquat 336-based PlMs have been applied to the extraction and/or transport of anionic complexes of mainly heavy metals (e.g., As(V), Au(lll), Cd(ll), Co(ll), Cr(Vl), Cu(ll), Ni(ll), Pd(ll), Pt(lV), Re(Vll)), common anions (e.g., 1 , SCN ), and organic compounds (e.g., small saccharides, amino acids, lactic acid, thiourea) [2,3], Moreover, it has been recently employed in a PVC-based template for the preparation of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). The nanoparticles were formed either in the bulk of the PIM or as a layer on the PIM surface by loading the membrane with AuClJ by anion-exchange, followed by in situ reduction with BH4 [19,20] or EDTA [21]. Capriquat is another liquid anion-exchanger similar in composition to Aliquat 336 with the major component being trioctylmethylammonium (TOMA) chloride [22]. 

Melamine plastics. Together with urea plastics, these are the most important representatives of the amino plastics. Their properties (water and chemical resistance, thermal stability) are superior to those of urea plastics. 

Some amino resins are used as additives to modify the properties of other materials. For example, a small amount of amino resin added to textile fabric imparts the familiar wash-and-wear quaUties to shirts and dresses. Automobile tires are strengthened by amino resins which improve the adhesion of mbber to tire cord (qv). A racing sailboat may have a better chance to win because the sails of Dacron polyester have been treated with an amino resin (1). Amino resins can improve the strength of paper even when it is wet. Molding compounds based on amino resins are used for parts of electrical devices, botde and jar caps, molded plastic dinnerware, and buttons. 

Dicyandiamide may be treated with formaldehyde (49) to produce resiaous compositions of varyiag properties (see Amino resins and plastics), under either acid or alkaline conditions. The reaction can be controlled to give mainly monomethyloldicyandiamide, a very water-soluble compound ... 

Amino (melamine and urea) Melamine formaldehyde (MF) have excellent electrical properties, heat and moisture resistance, abrasion resistance (good for dinnerware and buttons) in high-pressure laminates it is resistant to alkalies and detergents. They are used as the plastic for counter tops. Urea (urea formaldehyde) has properties similar to melamine and is used for wall switch plates, light-colored appliance hardware, buttons, toilet seats, and cosmetics containers. Unlike MFs they are translucent, giving them a brightness and depth of color somewhat similar to opal glass. 

Esters represent an important class of chemical compounds with applications as solvents, plasticizers, flavors and fragrances, pesticides, medicinals, surfactants, chemical intermediates, and monomers for resins. Recently, esters of amino acids have attracted attention regarding their use as biobased surfactants with excellent adsorption and aggregation properties, low toxicity, and broad biological activity. 

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