Amino acids occurrence

Thompson, J. Donkersloot, J.A. (1992) TV-(Carboxyalkyl) amino acids occurrence, synthesis, and functions. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 61, 517-557. 

Figure 4 PHDsec profile-based neural network system for secondary structure prediction. From the multiple alignment (here guide sequence SH3 plus four other proteins al -a4, note lower case letters indicate deletions in the aligned sequence) a profile of amino acid occurrences is compiled. To the resulting 20 values at one particular position p in the protein (one column) three values are added the number of deletions and insertions, and the conservation weight (CW). 13 adjacent columns are used as input. The whole network system for. secondary structure prediction consists of three layers two network layers and one layer averaging over independently trained networks...

Amino acids essential for young rats (98) and fishes (99) have been reviewed. Rats preferably eat a diet with sufficient amounts of essential amino acids rather than one that is deficient (100). Each essential amino acid, consumed in self-selection, has been reviewed (101). A protein diet with an excess of essential amino acids has been described as a poor protein diet from investigations that showed remarkable growth inhibition and occurrence of fatty fiver disease in rats (102). This is called amino acid imbalance (103). 

Amino acid Three- letter code One- letter code Mass of residue in. b proteins Accessible surface area, 2 nm Hydrophobicity index ionizable side chain Occurrence in n/ proteins, /o Relative mutabihty... 

The main role of the human thyroid gland is production of thyroid hormones (iodinated amino acids), essential for adequate growth, development, and energy metaboHsm (1 6). Thyroid underfunction is an occurrence that can be treated successfully with thyroid preparations. In addition, the thyroid secretes calcitonin (also known as thyrocalcitonin), a polypeptide that lowers excessively high calcium blood levels. Thyroid hyperfunction, another important clinical entity, can be corrected by treatment with a variety of substances known as antithyroid dmgs. 

Frequency of Occurrence of Amino Acid Residues in Proteins... 

Frequency of occurrence of each amino acid re.sidue in the polypeptide chain.s of 207 unrelated protein.s of known. sequence. 

The tendencies of the amino acids to stabilize or destabilize a-helices are different in typical proteins than in polyamino acids. The occurrence of the common amino acids in helices is summarized in Table 6.1. Notably, proline (and hydroxyproline) act as helix breakers due to their unique structure, which fixes the value of the —N—C bond angle. Helices can be formed from either... 

FIGURE 6.39 Relative frequencies of occurrence of amino acid residues in m-helices, /3-sheets, and /S-turns in proteins of known structure. (Adapted from Belt, J E., and Belt, E. T, 1988, Proteins and. Enzymes, Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall.)... 

Acyl groups are common in bacterial polysaccharides. The parent acids are fatty acids, hydroxy acids, and amino acids. The simplest acid, formic acid, has only been found as the amide. The occurrence of O-formyl groups had been reported, but proved to be incorrect. A-Formyl groups have been found in different polysaccharides for example, in the 0-specific side-chains of the LPS from Yersinia enlerocolitica 0 9, which are composed of 4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-D-mannopyranosyl residues. The formyl group can assume two main conformations, s-cis (41) and s-trans (42), which are... 

Hajjaj, H. et ah. Production and identification of N-glucosylrubropunctamine and N-glucosyhnonascorubramine from Monascus ruber and occurrence of electron donor-acceptor complexes in these pigments, Appl Environ. Microbiol, 63, 2671, 1997. Jung, H. et ah. Color characteristics of Monascus pigments derived by fermentation with various amino acids, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 1302, 2003. 

Schneider, A.,Westwood, B., Yim, C Prchal, J., Berkow, R Labotka, R., Warner, R., and Beut-ler, E Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency Occurrence of point mutation in amino acid 104 in multiple apparently unrelated families. Am. J. Hematol. 50,263-268 (1995). 

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