Coordination chemistry amino acids

This chapter will cover the synthetic, structural, and solution chemistry of rare earth complexes with carboxylic acids, polyaminopolycarboxylic acids, and amino acids, with an emphasis on their structural chemistry. As the carboxylate groups play the key roles in the metal-ligand coordination bonding in these complexes, we will start the chapter with the coordination chemistry of rare earth-carboxylic acid complexes, followed by rare earth-polyaminopolycarboxylic acid and rare earth-amino acid coordination chemistry. Owing to length limitations, an exhaustive citation of the large amount of research activities on the subjects is not possible. Instead, only selected examples are detailed to highlight the key features of this chemistry. 

These results clearly indicate that the lanthanide-amino acid coordination chemistry under higher pH conditions is fairly subtle, and reaction conditions should be carefully monitored and controlled. 

Recognizing that the low-pH lanthanide-amino acid coordination chemistry is not particularly useful in getting insights into the interactions of these unique metal ions with... 

Some of the optimized procedures for Stille and Sonogashira reactions involve the addition of copper cocatalysts to accelerate the cross-coupling procedures. A word of caution should be provided on the role of these additives in Pd-catalyzed amination procedures. Beletskaya and Davydov have reported the arylation of benzotriazole and of diary-lamines in polar organic or aqueous organic solvents using a combination of palladium and copper as catalyst.The arylation of amino acids has been reported under similar conditions.However, these reaction conditions are similar to classic Ullmann procedures for the synthesis of arylamines, except for the addition of palladium to the reaction mixture. In one case, subsequent work showed that the palladium species was not an essential component and that copper alone was the true catalyst in their reactions. An unusual accelerating effect of amino acid coordination to copper was used to explain the low-temperature Ullmann conditions. Beletskaya, however, showed that lower yields and a mixture of N1 and N2 arylation products were observed from the reactions of benzotriazole in the absence of copper and no reaction was observed in the absence of palladium. The conditions for this chemistry are, however, distinct enough from those of the majority of the aryl halide aminations to support the idea that a different mechanism may operate. 

Pinacolone, o-(diphenylphosphino)benzoyl-coordination chemistry, 2, 401 Ping-pong reactions copper(II) complexes, 5, 717 Piperidine, /V-hydroxy-metal complexes, 2, 797 P a values azole ligands, 2, 77 Plant roots amino acids, 2, 962 carboxylic adds, 2,962 Plants... 

Abstract Amino acids are the basic building blocks in the chemistry of life. This chapter describes the controllable assembly, structures and properties of lathanide(III)-transition metal-amino acid clusters developed recently by our group. The effects on the assembly of several factors of influence, such as presence of a secondary ligand, lanthanides, crystallization conditions, the ratio of metal ions to amino acids, and transition metal ions have been expounded. The dynamic balance of metalloligands and the substitution of weak coordination bonds account for the occurrence of diverse structures in this series of compounds. 

Coordination Chemistry and Binding Modes of Amino Acids... 

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