Amines dicarboxylic acid imides

Alkoxyacylamines N-Carbalkoxyazomethines Diacylamines l,l -Di(alkoxy)amines Dicarboxylic acid imides l,r-Dihydroxyamines a-Hydroperoxinitriles Nitroacetylenes... 

N-Aminomethylation with prim. ar. amines of dicarboxylic acid imides... 

Di(alkoxy)amines a,a-Dialkoxynitriles Dicarboxylic acid imides Dicarboxylic acid isoimides Dicarboxylic acid isoimidium salts... 

Carboxylic acid imides Cyanoformic acid esters Diacyl amines l,r-Di(alkoxy)amines a, a-Dialkoxynitriles Dicarboxylic acid imides... 

Dicarboxylic acids were converted in a one-pot procedure with CDI (boiling THF, 15 min) into the bisimidazolides, and then by subsequent treatment with aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic primary amines into imides (piperazine-2,6-diones) in excellent yields [131]... 

Pyrrole is one of the most prominent heterocycles, having been known for more than 150 years, and it is the structural skeleton of several natural products, synthetic pharmaceuticals, and electrically conducting materials. A simple access to the pyrrole ring system involves the conversion of cyclic anhydrides into five-membered imides. Mortoni and coworkers have described the conversion of 2-methylquinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid anhydride to a quinoline-3,4-dicarboximide library by treatment of the anhydride with a diverse set of primary amines under microwave conditions (Scheme 6.180) [341]. The authors studied a range of different conditions, including dry media protocols (see Section 4.1) whereby the starting materials were adsorbed onto an inorganic support and then irradiated with microwaves. For the transforma-... 

The most important applications of peroxyacetic acid are the epoxi-dation [250, 251, 252, 254, 257, 258] and anti hydroxylation of double bonds [241, 252, the Dakin reaction of aldehydes [259, the Baeyer-Villiger reaction of ketones [148, 254, 258, 260, 261, 262] the oxidation of primary amines to nitroso [iJi] or nitrocompounds [253], of tertiary amines to amine oxides [i58, 263], of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones [264, 265], and of iodo compounds to iodoso or iodoxy compounds [266, 267] the degradation of alkynes [268] and diketones [269, 270, 271] to carboxylic acids and the oxidative opening of aromatic rings to aromatic dicarboxylic acids [256, 272, 271, 272,273, 274]. Occasionally, peroxyacetic acid is used for the dehydrogenation [275] and oxidation of aromatic compounds to quinones [249], of alcohols to ketones [276], of aldehyde acetals to carboxylic acids [277], and of lactams to imides [225,255]. The last two reactions are carried out in the presence of manganese salts. The oxidation of alcohols to ketones is catalyzed by chromium trioxide, and the role of peroxyacetic acid is to reoxidize the trivalent chromium [276]. 

Oxidation of tat-amines. Ruthenium tetroxide oxidizes N-benzyl derivatives of piperidines (1, n = 2) and pyrrolidines (I, n = 1) to imides (2). The products can be correlated with known dicarboxylic acids (3) by hydrolysis. ... 

Kinetic and mechanistic studiesoftheimidizationreactionhave been made and the effects of amine activators, catalysts, and palladium " have all been studied. Imide plastics have also been produced by the reaction of diamine-esters of poly(dicarboxylic acid) on filler surfaces in a quasi reaction-injection moulding process. ... 

The separation of gas mixtures by polymeric membranes has become a commercially important methodology for a number of different systems (1). Several recent review articles have discussed the interaction between polymer structure and gas permeability properties (2,3). The quantification of the effect of polymer structure on gas transport properties recently has been reported (4,5) and it is now possible to optimize gas transport properties for well defined polymeric materials. For those materials which do not have a well defined data base it is necessary to prepare and measure the gas transport properties. The polyamide-imides (PAI) are a class of polymeric materials which do not have an extensive data base for gas transport properties (6,7). Work by Yamazaki and coworkers (8) demonstrated that PAI materials could be prepared easily and in a manner whereby the amide bond could be prepared from a phosphite activated carboxylic acid and an aromatic amine. Yang and CO workers (9-11) have shown that novel dicarboxyl ic acids could be prepared from trimellitic acid anhydride (TMA) and aromatic diamines and that these dicarboxylic acids could be coupled with a second diamine to form regiospecific PAI materials. Our focus was to examine the effects of a phenylene diamine and its alkylated analogs on the gas transport properties of regiospecific PAI materials and to identify those structures which maximized both permeability and selectivity. 

Dicarboxylic acids react with amines to give imides... 

Dicarboxylic acids may react twice with the amine nitrogen of ammonia or of a primary amine. This sequence gives rise to imides, the nitrogen analogs of cyclic anhydrides (cf. p. 854). 

A perfect transformation of an a2 + b2b into an ab2 polycondensation was first reported by a team of DSM NV [78, 79], Bis(2hydroxypropyl)amine reacts rapidly and almost quantitatively with the amino group, so that a bis(hydroxyalkyl) carboxylic acid is formed (see Formula 10.5). The polyesterification at higher temperatures yields a poly(ester amide), which was commercialized under the trademark Hybrane. Another example of an in situ formation of an ab2 monomer was described by Shu et al. [80]. The reaction of 1,4-diaminobenzene with the monoanhydride of a diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic acid (see Formula 10.5) produces an amino dicarboxylic acid which upon further polycondensation yields a hb poly(amide imide). Polycondensations of 4,3, 5 -trifluorodiphenylsulfone with commercial diphenols were studied by the Fossum group [81, 82]. The para C-F bond id particular reactive and substitution of one meta-position lowers the reactivity of the last C-F group. Therefore, variation of the reactions conditions allows for systematic variation of the DB. 

An acid—base reaction forms a nucleophilic anion that can react with an unhindered alkyl halide— that is, CH3X or RCH2X—in an 5 2 reaction to form a substitution product. This alkylated imide is then hydrolyzed with aqueous base to give a 1° amine and a dicarboxylate. This reaction is similar to the hydrolysis of amides to afford carboxylate anions and amines, as discussed in Section 22.13. The overall result of this two-step sequence is nucleophilic substitution of X by NH2, so the Gabriel synthesis can be used to prepare 1° amines only. 

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