Amines classification tests

When unknown compounds are identified without the aid of spectroscopy classification tests are used. Reacting the carbonyl in a ketone or aldehyde with an amine (2,4 dinitro-phenylhydrazine) to form an inline is the easiest way to detect a ketone or aldehyde (Reaction l). The iinine that forms is a highly colored solid. The color of the solid also helps to indicate structural characteristics. Ketones and aldehydes with no conjugation tend to form itnines with yellow to orange colors, while highly conjugated ketones or aldehydes form imines with red color. 

Claisen head adapter, 20, 26,134 Claisen-Schmidt reaction, 309-317 classification tests, 640-654. See also qualitative analysis alcohols, 640-642 aldehydes, 642-644 alkanes, 644-645 alkenes, 645 alkyl halides, 645-646 aUcynes, 645 amides, 647-648 amines, 648-649 ammonium salts, 647-648 aromatic hydrocarbons, 649-650 carboxylic acids, 650 cycloalkanes, 644-645 defined, 630 enols, 653-654 esters, 650-651 ethers, 651... 

In the soda-lime test, 0- and p-nitro-amines evolve ammonia. The nitro-group(s) may be detected by the usual classification tests, though it must be remembered that when reduced with tin and hydrochloric add, nitro-amines give diamines (or polyamines), and these may not react normally with nitrous acid (see page 69). 

Carcinogenic compounds, 9 448 aromatic amine, 9 450 in dye production, 9 296 Carcinogenic elements, in ferrites, 11 59 Carcinogenicity. See also Cancer of acetaldehyde, 25 561 classification scheme for, 13 311 of herbicides, 13 311 hydrazine, 13 590-591 methanol, 16 314 of propylene oxide, 20 811 testing, 25 221-223 of 2,4-D, 13 315 Carcinogenic potential, 25 222 Carcinogenic risk, of nickel compounds, 17 120... 

Nitrous acid test. The conditions of the test are similar to those described for the classification of primary amines (Section 9.5.2, p. 1215), but using acetic acid in place of hydrochloric acid. An a-amino acid yields nitrogen and an a-hydroxy acid. 

Nitroparaffins are not explosives as determined by tests approved by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) for shipping classifications. However, nitromethane when sensitized by small amounts of amines can be detonated by a Number 8 blasting cap. Nitromethane is used as a fuel component in ammonium nitrate explosives. 

Nitroparaffins are not explosives as determined by tests approved by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) for shipping classifications. However, nitromethane when sensitized by small amounts of amines can be detonated by a Number 8 blasting cap. Nitromethane is used as a fuel component in ammonium nitrate explosives. Nitroparaffins are used in diesel fuel to increase power output of engines. Nitropropane is completely miscible in diesel fuel, nitroethane solubility is 18 wt%, and nitromethane is only a 2 wt%. Nitromethane is used as a fuel in racing cars and in model engines. A blend of nitromethane and methanol is said to produce increased power output over regular hydrocarbon fuels. 1-Nitropropane is used as a grinding solvent for the production of aluminum powder because of its ability to displace surface moisture on the aluminum and the solvent aids in the dispersion of the aluminum powder. Nitromethane is used as a metal stabilizer for... 

The reactions of the amines discussed above, with the exception of the isonitrile test, are of importance not merely for the classification of compounds but also for the preparation of solid derivatives and in some instances for the examination of mixtures. Such reactions, which serve simultaneously as classification and as identification reactions, are ideal for the purposes of organic analysis. 

---