Amide nitriles from

Amides from nitriles and alcohols in strong acids. General scheme ... 

Yamada, H. and Tani, Y. (1983) Microbial production of amides from nitriles, Patent WO 8301784. 

Amides from nitriles. One classical reagent for this reaction is H202-Na0H in a suitable solvent.3 This reaction can be carried out advantageously under phase-transfer catalyzed conditions.4 Tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulfate is satisfactory the effectiveness varies with the structure of the nitrile. An excess of 30% H202 is used the solvent system is CH2C12 20% NaOH. Yields are 85-95%. 

The fact that under the same conditions acetophenone oxime does not form amides, but remains intact, also provides evidence against the classical Beckmann rearrangement. The conditions found can be employed for preparing amides from nitriles and aldoximes, especially when the latter contain fragments unstable to acids. In the absence of DMSO, benzaldoxime is dehydrated with alkali only at the boiling point (200°C). 

Acid-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of a nitrile to a carbenium ion generated from alcohol (usually tertiary primary alcohols other than benzyl alcohol will not react), yielding an amide. Sanguigni, J.A. and Levine, R., Amides from nitriles and alcohols by the Ritter reaction, J. Med. Chem. 53, 573-574, 1964 Radzicka, A. and Konieczny, M., Studies on the Ritter reaction. I. Synthesis of 3-/5-bartbituryl/-Ipropanesulfonic acids with anti-inflammatory activity, ArcA Immunol. Ther. Exp. 30,421 32,1982 Van Emelen, K., De Wit, T., Hoomaert, G.J., and Compemolle, R, Diastereoselective intramolecular... 

Amides from nitriles.1 Nitriles are converted into amides in high yield when heated at 250° (2 hours) with an equimolar amount of 100% formic acid in a pressure vessel which is preferentially cased with tantalum or silver. 

Carboxylic acid amides from nitriles via imino ester hydrochlorides... 

Subst. carboxylic acid amides from nitriles and ethylene derivatives Ethylene derivatives from, snbst. carboxylic acid amides... 

Subst. carboxylic acid amides from nitriles... 

Ritter reaction.- Iron II amides from nitriles and bear... 

Ritter reaction Iron(III) perchlorate supported on silica can be used to prepare amides from nitriles and benzylic alcohols. 

Tris(dimethylphosphinito)pUliiM Amides from nitriles. Nitnle at 160° to afford amides in moderate... 

C5H11CN + 2H2O2 = C5H11CO.NH2 + H2O + O2 This method is frequently of service in the preparation of amides from nitriles. 

Amides from nitriles. This hydration is catalyzed by KF on natural phosphate and... 

The production of amides from nitriles has been studied by several workers, and most of them focused on the accumulation of acetamide from acetonitrile [126,133-136]. The enz3nnatic production of acrylamide from acrylonitrile by nitrile hydratase of P. chlororaphis B23, Rhodococcus sp. N-774, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively has been reported [137-142]. These microorganisms exhibited a high nitrile hydratase activity and a low amidase activity, allowing the accumulation of the corresponding amide. Nagasawa et al. optimized the reaction conditions for the production of nicotinamide by a nitrile hydratase, found in Rhodococcus rhodochrous Jl. The enzyme contains cobalt, and shows high activity towards 3-cyanopyridine [143,144]. 

Synthesis of amides from nitriles and alcohols or alkenes in strongly acidic media ... 

Sulfuric acid sodium nitrate Nitrocarboxylie acid amides from nitriles s. 17, 400... 

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