American Psychiatric Association diagnoses from

DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association 2000) recognizes inhalant-, anesthetic-, and solvent-related disorders (Table 13-8). Anesthetics are associated with substance-induced anxiety disorder. Inhalant-related disorders include intoxication, delirium, persisting dementia, psychotic disorders with delusions or hallucinations, mood or anxiety disorders, and disorders not otherwise specified. Diagnosis depends on history or laboratory studies described earlier in this chapter. Physical signs such as deposits from inhalants around the mouth or nose or on hands and clothing may indicate recent use (Westermeyer 1987). Nasal membranes may be inflamed (Wester-meyer 1987). 

According to the DSM-IV, clients with a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder have milder experiences than those who suffer from bipolar disorders although the symptoms are more consistent and last for approximately two years. In order to be diagnosed with cyclothymic disorder, the client s history must indicate that he or she has not been without hypomanic and depressive symptoms for a period of two months (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) a client with a major depressive episode only should not be diagnosed as cyclothymia. 

It is not surprising that the American Psychiatric Association lists the diagnosis of a life-threatening illness as one of several potential criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is right up there with suffering trauma after military combat or after violent personal assaults. Some 3 to 35 percent of cancer patients suffer from PTSD. ... 

Psychiatry is a subspecialty of medicine that involves the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, as defined and classified in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (2000 known as DSM-IV-TR). Mental illnesses are biologically based brain diseases that are widespread in the general population and vary in duration and severity. The main burden of mental illness is concentrated in the 6 percent of Americans who suffer from a serious mental illness such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. 

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