Hybrids, American

Although the hybrids lost the pronounced labrusca flavor, they generally had low sugar and high acid content. These French-American hybrids generally could be vinified by the same processes used for the native varieties. 

Tryon, C.R., Edwards, P.A., and Chisholm, M.G. 1988. Determination of the phenolic content of some French-American hybrid white wines using ultraviolet spectroscopy. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 39 5-10. 

Analysis of fermented synthetic media revealed that AAP is also a secondary metabolite of S. cerevisiae yeasts together with o-aminopropiophenone and 3-(o-aminophenyl)-prop-l-en-3-one (Ciolfi et al., 1995). Methylanthranilate also contributes to the typical hybrid-foxy taint of American hybrid and wild vine wines. It was found in some V. vinifera white wines in concentration >0.3 gg/E (Rapp and Versini, 1996). 

PORTERS ARE MALTY DARK BROWN BEERS. They are typically brewed with about 25% of the grain bill being darker grains, including crystal, chocolate, and perhaps some black patent malt. The color will start at a very dark brown (about 30 SRM) and go as dark as opaque black, Traditional English hops are preferred by many homebrewers, though quite a few people swear by American hybrids, such as Clusters and Cascade. 

In this chapter, we will include recipes for wheat beer in all its wonderous variations (including weizen, weissbier, and some of the American hybrids), California Common beer (or more precisely Anchor Steam look-alikes, since these beers all try to emulate one brand of a unique beer), and a couple examples of smoked beer, a style brewed commercially in Bamberg, Germany. 

Mattick, L.R. and Rice, A.C. (1976) Fatty acid composition of grape seed oU from native American hybrid grape varieties. Am. J. Enol. Viticult. 27, 88-90. 

MG Chishohn, LA Guiher, TM Vonah, JL Beaumont. Comparison of some French American hybrid wines with white Rieshng using gas chromatography-olfactometry. Am J Enol Viticult 45 201-212, 1994. 

Galet, 1998). Detailed descriptions of most of the significant French-American hybrids can be found in Galet (1956,1979,1998). 

In the resistance-breeding programme, wild species were used as gene sources, such as V. amurensis andFrench-American hybrids (Seibel and Seyve-Villard hybrids)... 

An important collection of grapevine cultivars is also at the Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice na Morave. This collection involves, above all, interspedlic cultivars of V. vinifera xVitis amurensis, V. vtm/crax Fiench-American hybrid vines (Seibel, Seyve Villard, Baco, etc.) and V. viniferaxV. amurensisxFrench-Amencaa hybrids. This collection involves -300 cultivars and hybrids. 

Melody [Seyval Wane x GW5 (Pinot blanc x Ontario), 1985], Melody was introduced as an easy-to-grow wine grape that did not require cluster thinning like so many French-American hybrids (Reisch et al., 1985a, 1986a). It is productive, moderately resistant to disease and winter hardy. Wines can be fairly neutral to distinctively fruity with some apricot character. There has been some commercial success with Melody in New York, Maryland and elsewhere in the eastern United States. 

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