AMAZE

The coefficient of friction /x between two solids is defined as F/W, where F denotes the frictional force and W is the load or force normal to the surfaces, as illustrated in Fig. XII-1. There is a very simple law concerning the coefficient of friction /x, which is amazingly well obeyed. This law, known as Amontons law, states that /x is independent of the apparent area of contact it means that, as shown in the figure, with the same load W the frictional forces will be the same for a small sliding block as for a laige one. A corollary is that /x is independent of load. Thus if IVi = W2, then Fi = F2. 

SERS. A phenomenon that certainly involves the adsorbent-adsorbate interaction is that of surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy, or SERS. The basic observation is that for pyridine adsorbed on surface-roughened silver, there is an amazing enhancement of the resonance Raman intensity (see Refs. 124—128). More recent work has involved other adsorbates and colloidal... 

Synthesis Amazingly, this complicated molecule is made in just two steps ... 

But we have many reasons. That is why the ground are actually progressing the fields of amphetamine science. Believe it or not, the Journal methods on precursors such as ours published research work. Half of the stuff in able, proper science done by people with no amazing when you think about it. 

The other amazing thing about DCM is that the crystals produced in it are weird. Crystals produced by ether are little and powder-puffy. Nothing wrong with that per se. But the crystals produced in DCM are large, crystalline and sparkly. And although there shouldn t be a difference, SWINS swears the effects are more powerful. 

Best Synthetic Methods is now 10 years old, is a family of 16 volumes and has been well received by the majority of chemists as a valuable aid in their synthetic endeavours, be they academic or commercial. The focus of the series so far has been on special methods, reagents or techniques. This volume is the first of a new sub-series with a focus on heterocycles and their synthesis. It is amazing the extent to which each heterocyclic type has its own specialized synthetic methodology. Whether the chemist is endeavouring to make a heterocycle by ring synthesis or wishes to introduce specific substituents, it is the intention that this new development will serve their needs in a practical, authoritative, fully illustrative and compact manner. Richard Sundberg is an authority on indole chemistry and it is a pleasure to have such a noted heterocyclist to initiate this venture. 

Polycarbonates are the toughest of all thermoplastics. They are window-clear, amazingly strong and rigid, autoclavable, and nontoxic. They have a brittleness temperature of — 135°C. 

Equation (2.61) predicts a 3.5-power dependence of viscosity on molecular weight, amazingly close to the observed 3.4-power dependence. In this respect the model is a success. Unfortunately, there are other mechanical properties of highly entangled molecules in which the agreement between the Bueche theory and experiment are less satisfactory. Since we have not established the basis for these other criteria, we shall not go into specific details. It is informative to recognize that Eq. (2.61) contains many of the same factors as Eq. (2.56), the Debye expression for viscosity, which we symbolize t . If we factor the Bueche expression so as to separate the Debye terms, we obtain... 

Development of SASOL. Over 70% of South Africa s needs for transportation fuels are being suppHed by iadirect Hquefaction of coal. The medium pressure Fischer-Tropsch process was put iato operation at Sasolburgh, South Africa ia 1955 (47). An overall flow schematic for SASOL I is shown ia Figure 12. The product slate from this faciUty is amazingly complex. Materials ranging from hydrocarbons through oxygenates, alcohols, and acids are all produced. 

Ethyl alcohol under ordinary conditions is a volatile, flammable, clear, colorless Hquid. Its odor is pleasant, familiar, and characteristic, as is its taste when suitably diluted with water. The most amazing property of ethanol is the volume shrinkage that occurs when it is mixed with water, or the volume expansion that occurs when it is mixed with gasoline. One volume of ethanol plus one volume of water results ia only 1.92 volumes of mixture. 

It has always seemed strange to us that the mechanics, or the manufacturer, are blamed when a mechanical seal fails after 3 months of service. If the seal fails on start-up, maybe you could point to the mechanic or the seal, but not after 3 weeks or 4 months of operation. This would most likely be an operational failure (a failure in operations), or a design failure (a failure in the system s design). And what is really amazing is that this statement and these words have never been recognized or said before.)... 

The Internet s growth is amazing. Investor s Business Daily reported on a research study by International Data Corp. that showed commercial sites on the World Wide Web grew by more than 45,000 in 1996. 

Using a cooled bypass around the compressor, or by any means possible, try to establish spread between the points. It is amazing how data points can look different and still come back to the same point on the curve when the calculations are complete. If the compressor is tied to a reactor, the points may have to be taken over quite a period of time which can be done if the instruments are maintained. Be careful of fouling when using this method. 

Harris has this to say on the breadth of appeal of nanotubes Carbon nanotubes have captured the imagination of physicists, chemists and materials scientists alike. Physicists have been attracted to their extraordinary electronic properties, chemists to their potential as nanotest-tubes and materials scientists to their amazing stiffness, strength and resilience . 

The complete idiot s guide to CHIP, or How to amaze your friends with your knowledge of CHIP without really trying... 

Acrylic adhesive formulations can be amazingly simple. The formulation given in Table 1 is a simplification of the Bader work, and provides an excellent starting point for screening studies. 

Each of the preceding topics is addressed in the followm ections of this chapter. Remember, this is only a brief introduction to the amazing and complex area of design of composite structures. Thus, detail must be kept subservient to the overall concepts. 

Both extreme models of surface heterogeneity presented above can be readily used in computer simulation studies. Application of the patch wise model is amazingly simple, if one recalls that adsorption on each patch occurs independently of adsorption on any other patch and that boundary effects are neglected in this model. For simplicity let us assume here the so-called two-dimensional model of adsorption, which is based on the assumption that the adsorbed layer forms an individual thermodynamic phase, being in thermal equilibrium with the bulk uniform gas. In such a case, adsorption on a uniform surface (a single patch) can be represented as... 

Stadler et al. [150,151] have performed Monte Carlo simulations of this model at constant pressure and calculated the phase behavior for various different head sizes. It turns out to be amazingly rich. The phase diagram for chain length N = 1 and heads of size 1.2cr (cr being the diameter of the tail beads) is shown in Fig. 8. A disordered expanded phase is found as well as... 

D. 1. Mendeleev modified and Improved his tables and predicted the discovery of 10 elements (now known as Sc. Ga, Ge, Tc, Re, Po, Fr, Ra, Ac and Pa). He fully described with amazing prescience the properties of 4 of these (Sc, Ga, Ge, Po). Note, however, that it was not possible to predia the existence of tte noble gases or the number of lanthanide elemeiits. 

In the beginning, quantum chemists had pencils, paper, slide rules and log tables. It is amazing that so much could have been done by so few, with so little. 

The reactivity of the 5-position of 2-aminothiophene in diazo coupling, which is present also in the acylated derivatives, complicates the formation of a diazonium salt from 2-aminothiophene. Thus Steinkopf and Miiller obtained only an azo dyestuff, although they proved, through the isolation of small amounts of 2-thienyl diazonium chloride, the diazotizability of 2-aminothiophene which had earlier been denied. However, recent Russian work claims the preparation of 2-thienyldiazonium chloride by treating the double salt in 10% hydrochloric acid with sodium nitrite. Amazingly high yields (over 90%) of azo compounds were then achieved by coupling the diazonium salt solution with y9-naphtol, w-toluidine or with the 2-aminothiophene double salt. These authors have also studied the... 

Regioselective nucleophilic substitution at the 5 position is proved to occur when 1-hydroxytryptophan and -tryptamine derivatives are treated with 85% HCOOH (99H1157). Truly amazing is the fact that only substrates carrying a C—C—N structure in the side chain at the 3 position can undergo this regioselective substitution. 

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