Aluminum turnings

I. Amalgamated aluminum is prepared as follows Aluminum turnings, freed from any oil by washing with ether, are stirred... 

Succeeding batches may be started in the same flask containing the aluminum turnings and the trace of tarry material without the addition of further catalyst these batches do not show any signs of an induction period. 

To vessel with flushed nitrogen at an elevated temperature to 165°C 490 parts of phenol was placed, then 4.5 parts of aluminum turnings were added in small increments.The reaction mixture was accompanied by evolution of hydrogen for 15 min, then the mixture was allowed to cool to about 60°C and agitation discontinued. Aluminum phenoxide catalyst mixture was ready. 

Drop some aluminum turnings into some sodium hydroxide solution. Note that gas is immediately given off and that the aluminum in time dissolves completely. The gas is found to bum like hydrogen. 

Aluminum powder ( aluminum bronze ) P. 13 Aluminum turnings P. 25, 26 Ammonium chloride P. 43 Ammonium sulphate P. 3, 73 Antimony sulphide (stibnite) P. 56,... 

A 500-mL, two-necked flask, fitted with a nitrogen inlet and outlet and a reflux condenser, is flushed with nitrogen and then charged with anhydrous diethyl ether (200 mL), pure aluminum turnings (3 g, 0.11 mole), and dry iodine (20 g, 0.078 mole). The mixture is boiled under reflux until the solution turns colorless (1-2 hr), while a slow stream of nitrogen is passed through it. The mixture is then filtered under nitrogen. 

The drain cleaner Drano consists of aluminum turnings mixed with sodium hydroxide. When it is added to water, the sodium hydroxide dissolves and releases heat. The aluminum reacts with water to generate bubbles of hydrogen and aqueous ions. Write a balanced net ionic equation for this reaction. 

Preparation. (a) Aluminum turnings (oil-free) are etched with dilute sodium hydroxide to a point of strong hydrogen evolution, the solution is decanted, and the metal is washed once superficially with water so that it retains some alkali. It is then treated with 0.5% mercuric chloride solution for 1-2 min., and the entire process is repeated. The shiny amalgamated metal is washed rapidly In turn with water,... 

All of these problems, except for the hydrogen gas danger, can be eliminated if he is able to get his hands on activated aluminum turnings. 

In this method, the aluminum turnings take the place of hydrogen gas as the catalyst in the reductive alkylation process. The yields are very good, the process is very simple, and no special equipment is required. The reaction is also quick enough that it can be used in large-scale production. 

In this method, the activated aluminum turnings react with alcohol to produce hydrogen gas. This hydrogen then reduces the Schiff s base formed... 

Chloro-(/7-cyanophenyl)phenylphosphine 349 Dichloro(phenyl)phosphine (60 g) is added to a slurry of i -cyanobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (72 g) and copper(i) bromide (2.4 g) in dry isopropyl acetate (300 ml). After about 20 min a violent reaction sets in which is moderated by external cooling so that the temperature remains between 20° and 40°. When gas evolution ceases, aluminum turnings (8 g) are added and the mixture is stirred for 2 h at 40-50°. Then the liquid is decanted from unused aluminum, and phosphorus oxychloride (51 g) is added to decompose the aluminum chloride complex. Distillation then affords a forerun (5 g), followed by the main fraction (39 g, 47%) between 15870.7 mm and 195°/ 3.1 mm (owing to unavoidable decomposition the pressure does not remain constant during the distillation). Further distillation gives a product boiling at 16270.2 mm. 

A 500-mL round-bottomed flask is charged with 35.0 g (1.3 mole) of aluminum turnings and a Teflon-coated magnetic stirring bar (length 2.5 cm). The flask... 

A variety of catalysts have been pmtented for this oxidation, and the oxides of metals of the fifth and sixth groupis of the pieriodic system have been particularly stressed. Of these, vanadium p>entoxide has been shown to be one of the best when used as a single-eomponent catalyst supported on an inert carrier such as aluminum turnings or diatomaceous earth. Vanadium pentoxide becomes active in promoting the oxidation at a temperature of about 300°C and reaches its maximum usefulness in the rangp of 400-500°C. 

Fit a dry 150-ml distilling flask with a cork (not rubber) stopper carrying a small separatory funnel. In the flask put 6 grams of aluminum turnings, packed down fairly tightly, and in the funnel place 40 grams (13 ml) of bromine. Also get ready a dry test tube, fitted with a cork, to receive the aluminum bromide. Weigh this tube and cork before you start. 

This procedure does not give pure aluminum bromide. The product always contains unreacted bromine moreover, there is a little reaction with the cork. It can be purified by redistilling in an alhglass apparatus in a stream of hydrogen or by simply refluxing with aluminum turnings and then distilling. 

I. Aluminum turnings and a few crystals of iodine are placed in a COs-filled flask and heated until reaction begins. More Is is then added until only a small amount of aluminum remains. The... 

III. Aluminum turnings are placed in a carbon boat Inserted in a Pyrex reaction tube. One end of the tube is connected to a source of high vacuum, the other end to a storage tube containing red selenium. The system is evacuated and the selenium is driven into the reaction tube by heating. The reaction tube itself is heated to 600-650°C for 36 hours, which is the time required for complete conversion. 

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