Aluminum oxygen compounds

Muller, D. et al., 1981. Determination of the Aluminum Coordination in Aluminum Oxygen Compounds by Solid-State High-Resolution Al NMR. Chemical Physics Letters, 79 59. 

Another valuable source is the thermochemical property database assembled by Burcat and Ruscic [29], which is available online at ftp // ftp.technion.ac.il/pub/supported/aetdd/thermodynamics/. This collection is regularly updated by Prof. Burcat. It contains data for 1500 species, presented in the form of polynomial coefficients that can be used to compute the enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity as a function of temperature. While Burcat s tables include a number of aluminum-oxygen compounds, they do not happen to include the aluminum-chlorine species that we have been using as an example. Of course, there are many other handbooks and compilations of thermodynamic properties. However, the vast majority of these focus on organic compounds and/or condensed phase species. Standard handbooks, such as the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, rarely have any information not included in the sources cited above. 

Tab. 3.5-3. Structurally characterized oxygen compounds of aluminum, gallium and indium (the heterocubane type compounds have been included in Table 3.5-2).

One of the most impottant oxides is dihydrogen oxide, or rather water (H O). There are numerous oxygen compounds on Earth, many of them with more that two elements. They include the sihcates, which make up rocks and soil, as well as hmestone (calcium carbonate), gypsum (calcium sulfate), bauxite (aluminum oxide), and many iron oxides. 

In the third chapter Wheatley and Linton describe new developments in the remarkable chemistry of aluminum and oxygen. While compounds featuring an aluminum-oxygen bond find widespread utility (as catalyst supports and co-catalysts, for example) there is still a great deal that is not understood in how these compounds form. This chapter provides the necessary basic information upon which further applications may be developed. 

Coordination chemistry of aluminum prior to 1970 was included in Wade and Banister s account of the element.1 There are thorough reviews of aluminum chemistry with particular reference to oxygen compounds, halides and their adducts, which cover the period prior to... 

In the field of halogenation, the practical aspects of the work were stressed by a number of Russian workers. Thus, in 1940 and later Mamedaliev reported (215) on the chlorination of methane over cupric chloride, pumice, iron, or aluminum shavings. Yields of 75 to 80% of products ranging from methyl chloride to carbon tetrachloride with small amounts of hexachloroethane were obtained. Similar work on the continuous chlorination of hydrocarbons such as isopentane, unsaturated compounds, oxygenated compounds, and on the mechanism of chlorination has been reported by Russian researchers from time to time (180,248,366,367,389). 

Neutral aluminum phosphate compounds such as variscite-lucine and metavariscite have three-dimensional structures built up of A1(Op)4(Oh2o)2 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra (Fig. 5) (where O, and Oh o refer to oxygen atoms belonging to phosphate and water, respectively). The structure of variscite-messbach has not been determined. 

The abundance of aluminum in Earth s crust is estimated to be about 8.8 percent. It occurs in many different minerals. Bauxite, a complicated mixture of compounds consisting of aluminum, oxygen, and other elements, is the primary commercial source for aluminum. 

Carbocations occupy a unique place in the world of electron-deficient cations. Electron-deficient nitrogen and oxygen compounds (nitrenium and oxenium ions, respectively) are extremely unstable and are rarely or never seen. Electron-deficient boron and aluminum compounds are quite common, but these species are not cations. Silenium ions (R3Si+) are extremely unstable kinetically still, it is useful to think of the R3Si+ group as a large, kinetically more stable H+. 

The hydrogen in water (and in goldfish) worked as well as paraffin. Back in the lab they quickly tested whatever they could lay hands on to irradiate silicon, zinc, phosphorus, which did not seem to be affected by the slow neutrons copper, iodine, aluminum, which did. They tried radon without beryllium to make sure the paraffin was affecting neutrons and not gamma rays. They replaced the paraffin with an oxygen compound and found much less increase in induced radioactivity. 

Due to thdr ubiquitous presence in transition metal-catalyzed polymerization reactions, alkyl aluminum compounds as protective groups are extensively smdied. Their effect is based on the reaction of aluminum alkyl compounds with Lewis basic (and therefore catalyst poisoning) oxygen or nitrogen atoms of the monomers (Scheme 13). As a result, coordinative poisoning of the catalyst is prevented in subsequent polymerization reactions. 

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