Aluminium nanocrystalline

Zein El Abedin, S., Moustafa, E., Natter, H., Hempelmann, R., and Endres, F. (2005) Additive free electrodeposition of nanocrystalline aluminium in a water and air stable ionic liquid. Electrochem. Commun., 7,1116. 

Various electrode materials have been reported for use in constructing structurally small electrodes of different geometries and sizes [4-7], Common electrode materials, both modified and otherwise, include metals such as tungsten and aluminium, gold nanoparticle-deposited aluminum, various forms of carbon e.g. doped diamond, nanocrystalline diamond, pyrolyzed carbon, carbon fibers, and gold nanoparticles deposited on glassy carbon. 

In the first class of CPs nanocomposites, the oxides considered as secondary component are titanium dioxide (TiO ), zirconium dioxide (ZrOj), silicon dioxide (SiO ), aluminium oxide (Al O ), cadmium oxide (CdO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) [19, 27, 31, 48-52]. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have excellent properties such as charge carrier, oxidising power, non-toxicity, chemical and photo stability. Conductive PANI/TiO nanocomposites combine the qualities of PANI and nanocrystalline TiO within a single material, thereby developing multifunctional materials with combined properties which have very strong potential applications. 

Kazakov AI, Rubtsov Yul, Lempert DB, Manelis GB (2003) Kinetics of oxidation of organic acids by ammonium nitrate. Russ J Appl Chem 76 1214-1220 Behera SK, Barpanda R Prathar SK, Bhattacharyya S (2004) Synthesis of magnesium-aluminium spinel from autoignition of citrate-nitrate gel. Mater Lett 58 1451-1455 Chandradass J, Kim K, Ki H (2004) Effect of activity on the citrate-nitrate combustion synthesis of alumina-zirconia composite powder. Metals Mater Int 15 2039-2043 Purohit RD, Saha S, Tyagi AK (2006) Nanocrystalline ceria powders through citrate-nitrate combustion. J Nanosci Nanotech 6 209-214... 

Nanocrystalline alloys were also possible to obtain by deposition. In this way several aluminium alloys from ionic liquids based on AICI3 were prepared. Of particular interest are electrochemically made Al-Mn alloys, which are widely used in the automobile industry for lightweight construction. An attempt was made to obtain nanoaystalline AlxMny alloys electrochemically by adding MnQ2 and nicotinic acid to a Lewis acidic ionic liquid. The deposition was performed by using a current density of 1=0.5 mAcm on glassy carbon. 

It is known that ceria does not react readily with aluminium or boron oxides but Zarur et al were able to deposit up to 25 wt% ceria on boron hexaaluminate (BHA) nanoparticles without forming a separate ceria domain. The ceria deposited on BHA preserved the nanocrystalline morphology up to a calcination temperature of 1300 °G. The GeOg-BHA nanoparticles allowed light-off of a stream of 1 vol% GH4 in air at a low temperature of 400 °G, compared to 540 °G and 690 °G required for Mn- and Go-substituted BHA systems, and attained full GH4 conversion by 600 °G. In addition, various ceria-based materials have been used for VOG combustion with different light-off temperatures as shown in Table 8.2. 

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