Aluminium, Gallium, and Indium

General works which are of interest include a book on the chemistry of all four heavier elements, and reviews of metal-metal bonded organometallic compounds and low valent or paramagnetic aluminium species.  

HGaCl2 adds to 1-octene to form 1-(C3H17)GaCl2 in 77% yield. 

Formation of an In-C bond from oxidative addition of In(I)X to CH2X2 (X = Br, I) has yielded X2lnCH2X, which has been characterised in one case as its thiouronium derivative Br3lnCH2SC (NMe2) 2  

There has been significant activity in the synthesis of very sterically crowded organometallic halides, as precursors to new low-coordinate species potentially containing M-M multiple bonds. Some advances in this area are described separately 

As with last year, many fundamental advances have been made in the area of low oxidation state chemistry. A simple synthesis of (Cp Al)4, by reduction of Cp AlCl2 with potassium rather than starting from AlCl, should pave the way for further derivative chemistry. Indeed, the first reactions of this species have been 

A general review which has appeared covering the chemistry of 

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Boron, being chemically a non-metal, is resistant to attack by nonoxidising acids but the other members of the group react as typical metals and evolve hydrogen. Aluminium, gallium and indium are oxidised to the + 3 oxidation state, the simplified equation being... 

Reactions with the trialkyls of aluminium, gallium and indium are proceeding without eomplications as well 39) ... 

In a few cases adducts other than these obtained with boron, aluminium gallium and indium have been described/1962 4 1966 112 1968 163... 

ALUMINIUM-, GALLIUM- AND INDIUM-NITROGEN RINGS 9.4.1 Unsaturated Systems... 

Monomeric imides of aluminium, gallium and indium have been stabilised by installing extremely bulky groups on both the group 13 element and the... 

Table 6.2 Values of G/qQ for fee aluminium, gallium, and indium. (From Heine and Weaire...

Morie, G. P., and T. R. Sweet Analysis of Mixtures of Aluminium, Gallium and Indium by Solvent Extraction and Gas Chromatography. Anal. Chem. 37, 1552 (1965). 

Aluminium, gallium and indium nitride belong to a family of materials described as peritectic compounds. A peritectic compound is defined as a compound that transforms, at the peritectic temperature and atmospheric pressure, according to the reaction ... 

By comparison with zinc or cadmium, elements such as aluminium, gallium and indium from the third column, silicon, germanium and tin from the fourth column and antimony from the fifth column, dissolve to the extent 1 1/2 1/3 1U ... 

Aluminium, gallium and indium can be retained on the anion exchanger from a solution of 2-methoxyethanol and 6 M HCl, and can then be sequentially eluted with 1 M HCl [13]. 

Lobov, B.L et al.. The acid-base properties of solid aluminium, gallium, and indium oxides, Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 34, 1427, 1989. 

Table 7.4 gives a comparison of the measured spacings, between line 14 and the other lines of the boron, aluminium, gallium, and indium spectra, and the corresponding spacings, derived from calculations based on the attributions of Table 7.2. The choice of the correspondence has been made by considering first the similarity between the spacings and subsequently, the calculated OSs.

The impurity bands have a pronounced temperature dependence and spectral sensitivity and can be improved by lowering the temperature of the wafer to 20 K or below.55 At least one system has been developed that is totally automated it introduces the sample, cools it, records the spectrum and quantifies the impurities.56 Such a system has a sensitivity of carbon detection four times that of the room temperature system. Cryogenic analysis can improve the oxygen detection limits by a factor of twenty. Analysis at cryogenic temperatures is not restricted to oxygen and carbon, but can also be applied to dopants. These include, phosphorus, boron, antimony, arsenic, aluminium, gallium and indium. Here detection limits can exceed a few parts per billion. An example of a silicon wafer spectrum is shown in Figure 15. 

Energy Gaps of Pnictides of Aluminium, Gallium and Indium... 

Squaric acid forms salts with aluminium, gallium, and indium. Amidation of squaric acid gives not only the 1,3- but also, the 1,2-diamides, which can be further acylated on the nitrogen. The amides, esters, and chlorides can be transformed into thiosquarates by the action of HS and cyclobutene dications can be obtained from the l,2-dithio-3,4-diamide. Neuse and Green have examined further arylation reactions of squaryl chlorides from which a variety of substituted cyclo-butenones may be obtained. Phosphine derivatives of the squarate system have also been reported. ... 

Thermal decomposition of chloroalkyls of aluminium, gallium, and Indium as sources for producing thin dielectric films, E.A. Sysoeva, E.D. Eovlkova and O.H. Mlttov, Flz-Khlm. Geterog. Slst.. 1984, 117 Chem. Abstr.. 1986, 104, 148957d. 

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