Alumina dental implants

Figure 2.2 Classification of biomaterials according to their bioactivity (a) bioinert single crystal alumina dental implant, (b) bioactive hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2]...

Yamagami, A. (1988). Single crystal alumina dental implant. 13-year long following-ups and statistical examination. In H. Oonishi, H. Aoki K. Sawai Editors. Proceedings... 

Alumina is a well-known bioinert ceramic material which can be used in total hip prosthesis and dental implants since it exhibits good biocompatibility, strength, and excellent corrosion resistance.70,71 The application of alumina has some limitations due to poor fracture toughness. The incorporation of ductile phase may lead to the... 

Dental Dental implant for tooth fixation Titanium, alumina, calcium phosphate... 

A further direction of advancement was originated by the progress being made in research and surgery and by the demand for materials with special properties for special applications. For these cases the materials, which are often composite materials, had to be tailored to the intended application. One example is the development of the alloy TiTa30 which in its thermal expansion coefficient is very similar to alumina and can therefore be crackfree bonded with the ceramic. This material is used as a dental implant. The metallic biomaterial which can resist bending stresses is inserted into the jaw. The upper part of the implant consisting of alumina, which shows a smaller deposition of plaque than the metallic materials. 

Dental implants of polycrystalline alumina were suggested by Sandhaus in Germany (4). Type Tubingen was produced by Frialit in the 1970s. These devices have not been generally accepted, due to the fracture failure of the implants, particularly for those of polycrystalline type produced in... 

A BE surface was investigated to illustrate the effect on cpTi surfaces of two consecutive surface-structuring processes resembling those used in dental implants, and which are known to lead to particularly effective bone integration and stability [50]. In this sequence, the titanium surface is first treated by particle-blasting with alumina beads, followed by a chemical etch process in a hot solution of HCI/H2SO4 that superimposes an approximately 10-times finer structure on top of the B surface. Following surface... 

De Porter, D.A., Watson, P.A., Pilliar, R.M. et al. 1986. A histological assessment of the initial healing response adjacent to porous-surfaced, titanium alloy dental implants in dogs. /. Dent. Res. 65 1064. Driskell, T.D., Spungenberg, H.D., Tennery, V.R et al. 1973. Current status of high density alumina ceramic tooth roof structures. J. Dent. Res. 52 123. 

Kawahara, H., Hirabayashi, M. Shikita, T. (1980). Syngle cristal alumina for dental implants and bone screws. J. Biomed. Mat. Res. 14, 597-605. 

The uses of alumina as a biomaterial (hip prostheses or dental implants see Chapter 12) also highlight the tribological performances of alumina ceramics. 

Considerable development has occurred on sintered ceramics as bone substitutes. Sintered ceramics, such as alumina-based ones, are uru eactive materials as compared to CBPCs. CBPCs, because they are chemically synthesized, should perform much better as biomaterials. Sintered ceramics are fabricated by heat treatment, which makes it difficult to manipulate their microstructure, size, and shape as compared to CBPCs. Sintered ceramics may be implanted in place but cannot be used as an adhesive that will set in situ and form a joint, or as a material to fill cavities of complicated shapes. CBPCs, on the other hand, are formed out of a paste by chemical reaction and thus have distinct advantages, such as easy delivery of the CBPC paste that fills cavities. Because CBPCs expand during hardening, albeit slightly, they take the shape of those cavities. Furthermore, some CBPCs may be resorbed by the body, due to their high solubility in the biological environment, which can be useful in some applications. CBPCs are more easily manufactured and have a relatively low cost compared to sintered ceramics such as alumina and zirconia. Of the dental cements reviewed in Chapter 2 and Ref. [1], plaster of paris and zinc phosphate... 

Alumina Aluminum oxide (AI2O3) which is very hard (Mohs hardness is 9) and strong. Single crystals are called sapphire or ruby depending on color. Alumina is used to fabricate hip joint socket components or dental root implants. 

---