Alternative Fuels with Gasoline Diesel

Comparison of Alternative Fuels with Gasoline Diesel 51... 

Irrespective of the fuel supply chain, alternative fuels have generally lower tailpipe emissions in terms of local pollutants (such as NO, CO, S02, VOC and particle emissions) than conventional gasoline and diesel engines for instance, natural gas completely eliminates particle emissions synfuels are manufactured with very low sulphur and aromatic contents alcohol-based fuels have high octane numbers, which... 

The alternative fuels discussed in the following are benchmarked against gasoline and diesel from conventional crude oil. The energy requirement and GHG emissions for the supply of gasoline and diesel include the extraction of crude oil, transport to a refinery in the EU and distribution of the final fuels. The energy requirement for crude oil extraction is assumed with 1.025 MJ/MJ crude oil, and for related C02 emissions with 3.3 g/MJ. 

Compressed hydrogen from farmed wood (and other biomasses, such as residual wood) can, in combination with fuel-cell cars, achieve fuel costs that are close to today s costs of untaxed conventional gasoline and diesel, and simultaneously lower overall GHG emissions significantly. If the potential were not limited, farmed wood could be an optimal alternative fuel source. 

Worldwide, there are more than 10 million LPG vehicles, with the majority in Italy, Poland, the Netherlands and France. Of around seven million CNG vehicles, about two-thirds are found in Argentina, Pakistan and Brazil, while in Bangladesh, Armenia, Pakistan, Iran and Argentina, CNG vehicles account for more than 20% of the total vehicle fleet in Europe, Italy has most CNG vehicles (I ANGV, 2008 NGV, 2008). The South African company Sasol produces about 7.5 million t ( 320 PJ) CTL and GTL (Sasol, 2007), which is about 0.5% of today s consumption of transportation fuel in the world. Sasol produces the major fraction of CTL and GTL worldwide. Adding up, the contribution of all alternative fuels today means that about 97% of the fuel demand for road transport is met by crude-oil-based gasoline and diesel. 

Natural gas (NG) consists of 85-95% methane (CH ), which is the simplest hydrocarbon. NG is the cleanest burning alternative fuel. Exhaust emissions from NG vehicles are much lower than those from gasoline-powered vehicles. Combustion of NG reduces carbon dioxide content compared with diesel, but the lost efficiency when the Otto process is used means that carbon dioxide emissions increase. All in all combustion of NG in a gasoline engine gives rise to about as much carbon dioxide as the combustion of diesel in a diesel engine, measured in units of energy. 

Environmental concerns have been raised in recent years dealing with greenhouse gases produced from the transportation industry. A contributing cause of these emissions is the combustion of fossil fuels such as diesel, gasoline and oil. A strong enviromnental initiative has pushed for the development of alternative fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel in pure and blended forms (Demirbas, 2008). 

Bi-Fuel Vehicle A vehicle with two separate fuel systems designed to run either on an alternative fuel, or on gasoline or diesel, using only one fuel at a time. Bi-fuel vehicles are referred to as dual-fuel vehicles in the CAA and EPACT. 

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