Alloys of titanium

Titanium is important as an alloying agent with aluminum, molybdenum, manganese, iron, and other metals. Alloys of titanium are principally used for aircraft and missiles where lightweight strength and ability to withstand extremes of temperature are important. 

The alloys of titanium utilised in industrial applications have compositional specifications tabulated by ASTM. The ASTM specification number is given in Table 14 for the commercially important alloys. MiUtary specifications are found under MIL-T-9046 and MIL-T-9047, and aerospace material specifications for bar, sheet, tubing, and wine under specification numbers 4900—4980. Every large aircraft company has its own set of alloy specifications. 

The property most frequently cited in connection with the use of Ti dental or medical appHances is titanium s unique biocompatibiHty. This helps practitioners avoid occasional allergic reactions that occur with nickel or chromium alloys, and removes concerns about the toxic or carcinogenic potential of appHances that contain nickel, chromium, or beryUium. Wrought alloys of titanium are used for orthodontic wires because of their unique elastic... 

Extra long staple cotton, 8 2, 13 Extra-low interstitial (ELI) alloys, of titanium, 24 855... 

Strouhal number, 11 747, 756, 757 Structural adhesives, 1 534-545 Structural alloys, of titanium, 24 840 Structural analysis, in fine art... 

Alloys of reactive metals are often more pyrophoric than the parent metals. Examples are alloys of titanium with zirconium thorium with copper, silver or gold uranium with tin, lead or gold magnesium with aluminium hafnium with iron [1], Cerium amalgams and thorium-silver alloys are spontaneously flammable when dry [2], Individually indexed alloys are ... 

An alloy of titanium containing 40—50% Ti and 45—50% Si is used as an additive in cast iron to shorten the graphite flakes. The effect is to provide a smooth casting surface. The resulting casting is then used to produce glass botde molds. 

Figure 7.13 Bicycle frames are sometimes made of 3/2.5 titanium alloy, an alloy of titanium containing 3% aluminum and 2.5% vanadium. 

Table 7.13 lists some commercially important alloys and their uses. An alloy of titanium and vanadium is used for the bicycle frame shown in Figure 7.13. Alloys such as this are classified into one of two basic types, substitutional alloys and interstitial alloys. 

One interesting alloy of titanium and nickel, called Nitinol, exhibits shape-memory properties. Below a particular temperature (the transformation temperature), the crystal structure of the alloy is such that it can be plastically deformed (martensitic). As the alloy is heated, the crystal structure alters to one that is more ordered and rigid (austenitic), and the deformed metal reverts to its original shape. This effect has been exploited in a number of devices, including a stent (a device used to hold open passageways such as arteries). The stent is placed inside a small-diameter catheter for insertion into the body, where it expands on being warmed to bod y temperature. 

Alloys of titanium are / / relatively strong and / resistant to corrosion,... 

Phil] Philips, C.W., Frey, D.N., Isothermal Transformation Characteristics of an Iron-Chromium Alloys of Titanium , J. Metals, 4(4), 381-385 (1952) (Crys. Structure, Experimental, Morphology, Phase Relations, 6)... 

The heats of formation A H for ordered stoichiometric alloys were determined with self-consistent linear-augmented calculations [53]. For 50 50% alloys of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium with the heavier 4d and 5d elements the agreement between the theory and experiment was of the order of the scatter of the experimental data. For instance, heat of formation was found for the chemical compound of RuZr to be equal to —0.75 eV/atom according to the calorimetric measurements AH = -0.79eV/atom. 

Thus, substrates such as aluminium and its alloys, alloys of titanium, low- and high-carbon steels, nickel, copper, fibre-reinforced plastics (containing both thermoplastic and thermosetting matrices - in the latter case, the matrix might well also be a formnlated epoxy-based system), glass, concrete and wood are all encountered. This means that they can be, and indeed are, widely used in construction, aerospace, automotive (both original equipment and aftermarket), electrical and electronics, furnimre, foundry, consumer and abrasives applications. 

TiMnj alloy of titanium with manganese with atomic ratio 1 2... 

Certain metals, particularly mixtures (alloys) of titanium, iron, manganese, nickel, chromium, and others, can react with hydrogen to form a metal hydride in a very easily... 

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