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Alloys arsenical copper

Phosphorized deoxidized arsenical copper (alloy 142 (23)) is used for heat exchangers and condenser tubes. Copper-arsenical leaded Muntz metal (alloy 366), Admiralty brass (alloy 443), naval brass (alloy 465), and aluminum brass (alloy 687), all find use in condensers, evaporators, ferrules, and heat exchanger and distillation tubes. The composition of these alloys is Hsted in Table 5. [Pg.329]

Relatively soon after ancient humans recognized the metals and their special properties, they also discovered ways to make alloys. Some alloys were produced in antiquity directly, by the smelting of ores that include two metals in their composition or mixtures of ores of different metals. Arsenical copper, bronze, and brass, for example, three alloys of copper... [Pg.180]

Mixing molten copper with other metals yields a variety of alloys, such as bronze when alloyed with tin, brass with zinc, and arsenical copper with arsenic (see Table 34 and text below). All these alloys have extremely good mechanical and working properties and have, therefore, been employed for applications requiring strength and hardness (West 1982). [Pg.194]

Arsenical copper alloys were widely used in antiquity, and arsenical copper finds have been reported in such places, among others, as the Dead Sea area in Israel, the Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Sea, and South America (Renfrew 1967 Lechtman and Klein 1999). The compositions of some arsenical coppers are listed in Table 47. [Pg.226]

It seems that making arsenical copper was characteristic of a transitional stage of technological development, the alloy apparently first replacing pure copper and then eventually being supplanted by bronze. It is possible that during the early Bronze Age it was realized that the use of arsenic-rich copper ores, or the incorporation of arsenic ores into copper ores smelting... [Pg.226]

Budd, P. and B. Ottaway (1991), The Properties of Arsenical Copper Alloys Implications for the Development of a Neolithic Metallurgy, Oxbow Monograph 9, Oxford. [Pg.563]

Lechtman, H. and S. Klein (1999), The production of copper-arsenic alloys (arsenic bronze) by co-smelting Modern experiment, ancient practice, /. Archaeol. Sci. 26, 497-526. [Pg.593]

The stable form of arsenic is the gray or metallic form, although other forms are known. Cooling the vapor rapidly produces yellow arsenic, and an orthorhombic form is obtained if the vapor is condensed in the presence of mercury. Arsenic compounds are used in insecticides, herbicides, medicines, and pigments, and arsenic is used in alloys with copper and lead. A small amount of arsenic increases the surface tension of lead, which allows droplets of molten lead to assume a spherical shape, and this fact is utilized in the production of lead shot. [Pg.498]

Arsenical copper alloys, 3 271-272, 272 Arsenical herbicides, 13 325 Arsenical insecticides, 14 339 Arsenic alloys, 3 271-272 Arsenical pesticides, 13 298 Arsenic analysis, of water, 26 40-41 Arsenic carbide (2 6), 4 649t Arsenic-catalyzed liquid-phase process, 10 655... [Pg.72]

It must be borne in mind when reviewing the theories of the alchemists, that there were a number of phenomena known at the time, the superficial examination of which would naturally engender a belief that the transmutation of the metals was a common occurrence. For example, the deposition of copper on iron when immersed in a solution of a copper salt e.g., blue vitriol) was naturally concluded to be a transmutation of iron into copper, although, had the alchemists examined the residual liquid, they would have found that the two metals had merely exchanged places and the fact that white and yellow alloys of copper with arsenic and other substances could be produced, pointed to the possibility of transmuting copper into silver and gold. It was also known that if water (and this is tme of distilled water which does not contain solid matter in solution) was boiled for some time in a glass flask, some solid, earthy matter was produced and if water could be transmuted into earth, surely one metal could be... [Pg.21]

The practical recipes of the pseudo-Democritus differ only from the Theban papyri in their less simple and plain directions. They are the same in their intentions of imitating gold and silver by yellow and white alloys of copper, lead, tin, mercury and arsenic by colored mixtures or varnishes or stains to be superficially applied to give a surface resemblance to gold or silver and the materials... [Pg.153]

Clearly the procedures of the laboratories involved in this project could be improved. Before suggesting methods of improvement, one obvious point should be stressed. The results of this study do not vitiate the use of data between laboratories they merely indicate that the data should be used with caution. For example, in the Luristan bronzes (14), the arsenic content of arsenical copper artifacts is said to drop from 2-6% to 2% and below after a tin-copper alloy was introduced about 2600 B.C. If another laboratory analyzes a copper alloy object and finds, say 4.9% arsenic (and all other factors agree), the object can be confidently set into the earlier group if the laboratory finds 0.8% arsenic, the object could be set into the later group. If the arsenic content is 1.95%, the grouping into which it would fall is less unequivocal, and other factors... [Pg.189]

For example, a lead cathode reduces nitrobenzene mainly to aniline in dilute sulphuric acid, so that the proportion of aniline to aminophenol is 3 2, but if some powdered bismuth be added to the cathode chamber, the ratio of aminophenol to aniline becomes 5 1. The following combinations or alloys have been found suitable copper-mercury, lead-arsenic, copper-tin-arsenic. [Pg.61]

Bronze An alloy of copper that contains some tin or arsenic or other combinations of elements. [Pg.111]


See other pages where Alloys arsenical copper is mentioned: [Pg.30]    [Pg.421]    [Pg.329]    [Pg.393]    [Pg.393]    [Pg.684]    [Pg.689]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.196]    [Pg.227]    [Pg.485]    [Pg.198]    [Pg.112]    [Pg.115]    [Pg.156]    [Pg.171]    [Pg.201]    [Pg.202]    [Pg.460]    [Pg.306]    [Pg.157]    [Pg.56]    [Pg.30]    [Pg.127]    [Pg.249]    [Pg.439]    [Pg.551]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.129 ]




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