Allowed intensities

In calcium chelators Indo-1 (17) and Fura-3 (18b) (Figure 2.9),(18) the fluoropho-res have donor-acceptor stilbene-like structures rigidified so as to avoid photoisomerization. Based on the same principle, Fura-2 (18a)a8) is one of the most popular calcium indicator for microscopy of individual cells because, in contrast to Quin-2 (see Section 2.2.5.), the excitation spectrum is blue shifted on cation binding, thus allowing intensity-ratio measurements. On the other hand, there is almost no shift of the emission spectrum, which can be interpreted along the same line as DCM-crown (see earlier in this section). 

In 1954 Lust and Schluter [14] introduced force-free magnetic fields (FFMFs) into a theoretical model for stellar media in order to allow intense magnetic fields to coexist with large currents in stellar matter with vanishing Lorentz force. Notice should be taken that the Lorentz force is the electrodynamic analogue of the Magnus force alluded to above (see Fig. 6 and compare with Fig. 2). 

The mass spectrum is a record of the current produced by these ions as they arrive at a detector. The intensity of a peak in the spectrum is thus an indication of the relative number of ions the larger the peak the more abundant the ion producing it. Many mass spectrometers produce up to five traces simultaneously of differing sensitivity to allow weaker peaks to be studied, while also allowing intense peaks to be recorded on the chart. Figure 3.75 shows part of a... 

A new generation of so-called regenerative processes emerged with the development of multimetallic catalyst systems. They operate by continuous withdrawal and regeneration of the catalyst, which is then recycled to the reactors. This technology applies to the manufacture of gasoline and specifically to that of aromatics. This is because it can withstand more severe treatment conditions, which allow intensive cyclization of the paraffins, the removal of those that subsist by hydrocracking, and the hydrodealkylation of the heavier compounds,... 

Perfectly transparent, light-fast color filters and UV absorbers can be obtained by combining metal clusters of coin metals (silver, gold, etc.) with optical polymers [i.e., amorphous polymers with a visible refractive index close to 1.5, such as polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), or polycarbonate]. The high extinction coefficients that characterize the surface plasmon absorption of these metals allows intensive coloration at very low filling factors, and the nanoscopic filler size makes possible the realization of ultrathin color filters [Carotenuto, 2001 Zheng et al., 2001]. 

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