Alliin, garlic constituent

Lachmann G, Lorenz D, Radeck W, Steiper M. The pharmacokinetics of the S35 labeled garlic constituents alliin, allicin and vinyldithiine. Arzneimittel-forschung 1994 44 734-743. 

The fibrinolytic activity of the onion and garlic constituent cyclo-alliin has been confirmed.Aspirin has been reported to have fibrinolytic activity, independent of its platelet effects. A heparin-urea complex was reported to enhance fibrinolysis, while each component separately had no effect. 

Constituents that have some known pharmacological activity that contributes to some extent to the efficacy of the product have been identified. These are known as active markers. An example of this category is alliin, which is converted to allicin in presence of allinase enzyme, and is present in garlic. These active markers may or may not have clinically proven efficacy in their own right. A minimum content or range for active markers is usually specified in pharmacopeial articles. A quantitative determination of active marker(s) during... 

The active constituents are usually secondary metabolites, derived from biosynthetie pathways present within the plant tissue. Allicin, a sulphur eompound, present in garlie (Allium sativum) is considered to be the active constituent. It is produced from alliin by an enzymatic reaction in response to injury. Allicin due to its noxious smell proteets garlic from attack of pests also. Thus an active constituent has therapeutic as well as protective activity. 

The constituents of garlic bulbs, in particular the sulphur derivatives such as alliin, ajoenes, vinyldithines etc., are known for their lipid and cholesterol effects as well as antithrombotic... 

Alliin, 3-(2-PropenyhuIjinyl )-L -dtanine allylsulJitiyl)-L-alanine>- S-allyl-L-cysieine sulfoxide, C6-HuN03S mol wt 177-22. C 40.66%. H 6.26%, N 7,91%, O 27.08%. S 18.09%. Constituent of garlic, AUium sativum L., Liliaceae also found in other Allium spp. Isoln Stoll. See beck, Hetv. Chim. Acia 31, 189 (1948). Synthesis eidetn, Experieritia 6, 330 (1950) Hetv. Chim. Acta 34, 481 (1951). 

The Allium family includes garlic, onion, leek, and chive. All are composed of sulfur-containing character impact compounds. The aroma impact constituents of garlic are diallyl disulfide and the corresponding thiosulfinate derivative (al-licin), which are enzymatically released from a sulfoxide flavor precursor (alliin) during the crushing of garlic cloves (18). 

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