Alkyloxycarbonyl group

S. Thevenet, A. Wernicke, S. Belniak, G. Descotes, A. Bouchu, and Y. Queneau, Esterification of unprotected sucrose with acid chlorides in aqueous medium Kinetic reactivity versus acyl- or alkyloxycarbonyl-group migrations, Carbohydr. Res., 318 (1999) 52-66. 

As early as 1963, Tsuji and colleagues described the reaction of olefin-palladium chloride complexes with CO to produce jS-chloroacyl chlorides [1,2]. Both internal and terminal aliphatic olefins were transformed into the corresponding chloroesters when the reaction was conducted in alcohols. Later on, in 1969, Yukawa and Tsutsumi reported on the reaction of a styrene-palladium complex with CO in alcohols [3]. Here, various cinnamates and phenylsuccinates were synthesized. Compared with Tsuji s work, they proposed a different reaction mechanism. They assumed that the oxidative addition of the alkyloxycarbonyl groups into styrenes is the key step, but a stoichiometric amount of palladium was stiU necessary to perform the reaction. Another version of a dialkoxycarbonylation of olefins was reported by Heck [4], using mercuric chloride as additive. 

Sidewall functionalization of SWCNTs can be achieved by the method of addition of reactive alkyloxycarbonyl nitrenes obtained from alkoxycarbo-nyl azides. Nitrenes attack the nanotube sidewalls in a [2 -i-1] cycloaddition by the way of thermally induced Nj-extrusion, and form an aziridine ring at the nanotube s sidewalls. Nitrene additions led to considerable amount in an organic solvent. The highest solubility of 1.2 mg/mL was achieved for SWCNT adducts with nitrenes containing crown ethers of oligoethylene glycol moieties in DMSO and TCE. The electronic properties of SWCNTs were mostly retained after functionalization, which revealed about 2 wt% functional groups were added onto the carbon nanotube sidewalls. ... 

Recent kinetic studies on the acidic hydrolysis of a series of iV-alkyloxycarbonyl derivatives have shown that the reaction proceeds by alkyl-oxygen fission, its rate being dependent on the stability of the resulting alkyl carbonium ion. This has led to the use of the 2-(j -xenyl)isopropoxycarbonyl group (21) [144, 145], which is more easily removable than is t-butoxy-carbonyl. 

Recently, Hoffmann et al. [12] have described the molecular and crystalline solid structure of 2-n-nonyl-1,4-phenylene bis(4-n-octyloxybenzoate), as estimated using X-ray diffraction [12]. The observed structure deviates from the model for the nematic phase in the crystalline solid state, as the lateral chains exist in -trans conformation. The type of link between the lateral hydrocarbon chain and the mesogenic core influences the course of the clearing points. A comparison performed for the 2-alkyl, acyl and alkyloxycarbonyl substituted derivatives 2a-2c in Table 1 showed a break in the clearing-point curve at 2b and 2c for five single units (including the -CO- or -CO-0 groups) within the lateral chains. The lower the transition temperatures the more pronounced the break in the curve [13, 15]. 

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