Naming alkyl groups

The lUPAC rules permit cer tain common alkyl group names to be used These include n propyl isopropyl n butyl sec butyl isobutyl tert butyl and neopentyl (Section 2 13)... 

Alkane Name Alkyl group Name (abbreviation)... 

When writing an alkane name, the nonhyphenated prefix iso- is considered part of the alkyl-group name for alphabetizing purposes, but the hyphenated and italicized prefixes sec- and tert- are not. Thus, isopropyl and isobutyl are listed alphabetically under i, but sec-butyl and ferf-butyl are listed under b. 

Excluding alkyl groups, name and point out the functional groups in the following molecules ... 

Rule 3 Naming Alkyl Groups Name the substituent groups. 

When substituents are alphabetized, iso- is used as part of the alkyl group name, but the hyphenated prefixes are not.Thus, isobutyl is alphabetized with /, but n-butyl, fe/t-butyl, and sec-butyl are alphabetized with b.The number prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, etc. are ignored in alphabetizing. 

Cycloalkanes are named much like acyclic alkanes. Substituted cycloalkanes use the cycloalkane for the base name, with the alkyl groups named as substituents. If there is just one substituent, no numbering is needed. 

Alkane N me Alkyl group Name [Pg.104]

The longest continuous carbon chain has been found and numbered correctly. All branches have been designated with correct prefixes and alkyl-group names. Alphabetical order and punctuation are correct. 

The longest carbon chain includes the double bond, and the position of the double bond has the lowest possible number. Correct prefixes and alkyl-group names designate the branches. 

Higher alkyls eliminate the corresponding alkanes, the relative ease of reductive elimination depending on the nature of the alkyl groups, namely, COMe > Et > Me > CH2Ph > Ph > Reductive elimination is also promoted by addition of a high... 

Alkyl Groups Name two ethyl groups Diethyl ether methyl and propyl Methyl propyl ether ... 

An alkyl group name followed by the name of the class of the compound (alcohol, amine, etc.) yields the common name of the compound. The following examples show how alkyl group names are used to build common names ... 

Alkyl group names are used so frequently that you should learn them. Some of the most common alkyl group names are compiled in Table 2.2 for your convenience. 

Plan Because the hydrocarbon is an alkane, its name ends in -ane. The name of the parent hydrocarbon is based on the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms. Branches are alkyl groups, named after the number of C atoms in the branch and located by counting C atoms along the longest continuous chain. 

Parent Alkane Structure of Parent Alkane Structure of Alkyl Group Name of Alkyl Group... 

The simpler alcohols are often known by common names, where the alkyl group name is followed by the word alcohol ... 

Give each of the following amines a common name by adding the ending -amine to alkyl group names ... 

When the same all l-group branch chain occurs more than once, indicate this repetition by a prefix di-, tri-, tetra-, and so forth) written in front of the alkyl-group name (e.g., dimethyl indicates two methyl groups). The numbers indicating the alkyl-group positions are separated by a comma and followed by a hyphen and are placed in front of the name (e.g., 2,3-dimethyl). 

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