5-alkyl-2-cyano

Diiren, Germany) BTR Separations (Wilmington, DE) Zorbax Pro 10/60 CN Alkyl cyano phase on silica 10 p, 60 A ... 

Vowles and Mantoura [38] determined sediment-water partition coefficients and the high-performance liquid chromatography capacity factors for 14 alkylbenzene and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The partition coefficients correlated well with the alkyl-cyano capacity factors, and it was concluded that this phase gave a better indication of sorption on sediment than either the octanol or octadecylsilane phases. 

Olefination of the Aldehyde 178 using a stabilized Wittig reagent followed by protecting group chemistry at the lower branch and reduction of the a,p-unsaturated ester afforded the allylic alcohol 179 (Scheme 29). The allylic alcohol 179 was then converted into an allylic chloride and the hydroxyl function at the lower branch was deprotected and subsequently oxidized to provide the corresponding aldehyde 161 [42]. The aldehyde 161 was treated with trimethylsilyl cyanide to afford the cyanohydrin that was transformed into the cyano acetal 180. The decisive intramolecular alkylation was realized by treatment of the cyano acetal 180 with sodium bis(trimethylsi-lyl)amide. Subsequent treatment of the alkylated cyano acetal 182 with acid (to 183) and base afforded the bicyclo[9.3.0]tetradecane 184. 

Zirconium(IV) propoxide, 352 with organocopper reagents Dilithium acyl(alkyl)(cyano)cuprates, 209... 

This process was shown to be general, and a large family of substituted poly-p-xylylenes prepared in which X equals hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, cyano, ester, acyl, and other groupings. Advantages of this process (6, 7, 8, 9,10,11, 13) over previous routes (4) to poly-p-xylylene include... 

Substituted malonic acids are obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of alkyl-cyano esters prepared either by direct alkylation or by reduction of unsaturated cyano esters from the Knoevenagel reaction. ... 

The product can be filtered off as a dark brown crystalline substance (Harvey, 19S9 Klopping, 1960 Littrell et al., 1967). They can also be synthesised by the reaction of calcium cyanamide with chloroformic acid alkyl ester and o-phenylene diamine (Adams and Schlatter, 1966 Toth et al., 1972 Burmakin et al., 1974), or by the reaction of alkyl cyano carbamates (25), produced by the treatment of cyanamide with chloroformic acid alkyl ester, with o-phenylene diamine (Adams and Schlatter, 1969), or by the reaction of cyanamide with alkyl mercaptan, chloroformic acid alkyl ester and o-phenylene diamine (Schlatter, 1970) ... 

Fig. 2. Larmor frequency and angular dependences of the longitudinal proton spin relaxation time Tj for the two /i-alkyl-cyano-biphenyls 5CB and 8CB, respectively, at temperatures in the middle of the nematic mesophases. The upper diagram shows the dispersion profiles Ti(v) with the director H a igned parallel (A = 0) and perpendicular (A = 90 ) to the external 2 eman field, Bq, and suggests to distinguish at least four relaxation regimes. The lower diagram shows ri(A) in different frequency ranges of the dispersion profile. The solid lines are model fits of equation (3a) to the experimental 5CB data points as discussed in the text.

Fig. 7. Arrhenius plots of diffusion constants of nematic and isotropic pentyl-alkyl-cyano-biphenyl SCB (upper) and pentyl-alkyloxy-cyano-biphenyl 50CB (lower) to illustrate the quality of the Arrhenius law, the anisotropy ratio and the changes due to the slightly different side-groups of the two cyano-biphenyls. The data cannot be interpreted with existing theories. ...

Table 3. Selected self-diffusion constants D-ao, 0, and related activation energies E of some homologues of the liquid crystalline n-alkyl-cyano-biphenyl (nCB, n = 5) and n-alkyloxy-cyano-biphenyl (nOCB, n = 5S) series obtained at different temperatures AT Tc - T relative to the clearing point Tc by FC-PFG diffusion experiments. The error limit estimated from the experimental standard deviation is 10%.

It is possible to form substituted poly(p-xylylene)s by starting with substituted structures. Among the compounds reported were chlorinated and brominated compounds as well as some containing alkyl, cyano, acetyl, and carboxymethyl derivatives. When the di-p-xylylenes are unsymmetrically substituted, two homogeneous polymers form during pyrolysis, because the two condense with spontaneous polymerization at two different temperatures. ... 

Syntheses >vith functionalized iodozinc alkyl(cyano)cuprates... 

There are a number of factors working within this series of molecules. Firstly, a Sc phase appears at n = 4, the Sb and Se being also only observed for n = 3. The alkyl cyano biphenyl molecules, structure (8), all have the same absolute... 

Cyanoacrylates are synthesized by condensing the appropriate alkyl cyano-acetate with formaldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst to give a low molecular weight poly(alkyl 2-cyanoacrylate) which is depolymerized by heating ... 

Besides their importance as acylating agents and as reaction partners in ester condensations in carbon-14 syntheses, [ " CJacetic acid and its derivatives are indispensible precursors for a broad spectrum of low molecular weight-labeled building blocks such as alkyl halo[ C] acetates, alkyl phosphono[ " C]acetates, alkyl cyano[ C]acetates, dialkyl [ C]malonates, and alkyl [ CJacetoacetates. In addition to [ C]acetic acid, this section covers the primary derivatives their uses. 

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