Alkaloids chemical ecology

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) such as senecionine (159) (Fig. 29) are also taken up from plants by various butterflies and moths belonging to the Danainae, Ithomiinae, and Arctiidae. The chemical ecology of PAs and their role in the interaction between plants and adapted Lepidoptera were reviewed several times in details during the last decade [155-159]. These insects use them for defense and for the production of male pheromones. 

Hartmann T (1999) Chemical ecology of pyrrohzidine alkaloids. Planta 207 483-495 Kessler A, Baldwin IT (2002) Plant responses to insect herbivory the emerging molecular analysis. Annu Rev Plant Biol 53 299-328... 

Daly, J. W, Garaffo, H. M., Jain, P., etal. (2000). Arthropod-frog connection decahydro-quinoline and pyrrolizidine alkaloids common to microsympatric myrmicine ants and dendrobatid frogs. Journal of Chemical Ecology 16,73-85. 

Jones, T. H., Gorman, J. S. T., Snelling, R. R., etal. (1999). Further alkaloids common to ants and frogs decahydroquinilines and a. quinoVizidinc. Journal of Chemical Ecology 25,1179-1193. 

Chemical ecology. It has been generally accepted that many of the so-called "secondary metabolites" play a role in the interrelationship of plant - plants, plant - microbes, and plant - herbivores (20-23). In a series of experiments we have sought to determine whether lupin alkaloids are important in an ecological context. 

Waterman, P. G. 1998. Chemical taxonomy of alkaloids. In Alkaloids Biochemistry, Ecology and Medicinal Applications (Roberts, M. F. and Wink, M., eds.), pp. 87-107. New York Plenum Press. and. Waterman, P. G. 1999. The chemical systematics of alkaloids A review emphasising the contribution of Robert Hegnauer. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 27 395 06. 

Hartmann, T. 1999. Chemical ecology of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Planta, 207 483-495. 

Dobler, S., Haberer, W., Witte, L. and Hartmann, T. 2000. Selective sequestration of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from diverse host plants by Longitarsus flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 26 1281-1298. 

Aguiar, R. and Wink, M. 2005. Do naive ruminants degrade alkaloids in the rumen Journal of Chemical Ecology, 31 4 761-787. 

Szentesi, A. and Wink, M. 1991. Fate of quinolizidine alkaloids through three trophic levels Laburnum anagyroides (Leguminosae) and associated organisms. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 17 1557-1573. 

Lepidoptera and pyrrolizidine alkaloids exemplification of complexity in chemical ecology. Journal of Chemical Ecology 16 165-185. 

Dreyer, D. L., Jones, . C. and Molyneux, R. L. (1985). Feeding deterrency of some pyrrolizidine, indolizidine, and quinolizidine alkaloids towards pea aphid (Acryrthosiphon pisum) and evidence of phloem transport of indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine. Journal of Chemical Ecology 11 1045-1051. 

Isolation of a lactone, structurally related to the esterifying acids of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, from the costal fringes of male Ithomiinae. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2 263-270. 

Krasnoff, S. B. and Dussourd, D. E. (1989). Dihydropyrrolizidine attractants for arctiid moths that visit plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15 47-60. 

Wink, M. and von Nickisch-Rosenegk, E. (1997). Sequence data of mitochondrial 16S rDNA of arctiidae and nymphalidae evidence for a convergent evolution of pyrrolizidine alkaloid and cardiac glycoside sequestration. Journal of Chemical Ecology 23 1549-1568. 

Wink, M. 1987. Chemical ecology of quinolizidine alkaloids. In Waller, G.R., (Ed.), Allelochemicals. Role in Agriculture and Forestry, ACS Symposium Series 330 American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 524-533... 

CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF ALKALOIDS EXEMPLIFIED WITH THE PYRROLIZIDINES... 

WINK, M., Chemical ecology of alkaloids, in Alkaloids Biochemistry, Ecology and Medicinal Applications, (M.F. Roberts and M. Wink, eds.), Plenum Press, New York. 1998, pp. 265-300. 

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