Alkaline effects

The answer is c. (Hardman, pp 970-972.) Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinoline derivative that selectively concentrates in parasitized red blood cells. It is a weak base, and its alkalinizing effect on the acid vesicle of the parasite effectively destroys the viability of the parasite. 

LysoTracker and LysoSensor probes Several commercially available weakly basic amines can be used to stain lysosomes. They selectively accumulate in acidic organelles when applied in very low concentrations (50 nM) and directly before imaging. For live cell imaging, keep in mind that lysosomal probes can exhibit an alkalinizing effect on the lysosomes, such that longer incubation time can induce an increase in lysosomal pH (129). 

Ammonium salts are decomposed by 1 IV sodium hydroxide with the evolution of ammonia, recognizable by its alkaline effect on moistened red litmus paper. The decomposition is accelerated by warming. 

Primary drug Secondary drug URINARY ALKALINIZATION Effect Mechanism Precautions... 

The interaction between alkali and polymer, to be discussed in this section, includes alkaline effect on polymer viscosity, polymer effect on alkafine/oil IFT, and alkaline consumption in alkaline-polymer systems. 

FIGURE 11.4 Alkaline effect on polymer (1000 mg/L 1275A) viscosity. Source Kang (2001). 

The factors that affect phase separation discussed in this section include anion effect, divalent effect, alkaline effect, mixing effect of interstitial flow, and the synergy of mixed surfactants. 

Emulsification, entrainment, and entrapment of oil droplets because of surfactant and alkaline effects. 

Studies on the mechanism of zeolite crystallization have received extensive attention from many investigators (4, 16, 22, 24, 29, 30, 33, 37, 39). However, the main questions of the mechanism of crystallization referring to kinetics, such as the autocatalysis of the crystallization process, alkalinity effect on the rate of crystallization, the nature of the induction period, and seeding effects, have been insufficiently studied. The question of the role of solid and liquid phases in the formation of zeolite crystals in the heterogenous aluminosilicate systems also is still being discussed (16,22,25, 30,31,37,39). 

Ammonium is normally exchanged with protons to balance charge in passing through each cell membrane, so that each ammonium absorbed and assimilated by chloroplasts has half the alkaline effect of each nitrite assimilation. When taken together, the processes of nitrite and ammonium assimilation might therefore be of a similar order in terms of alkaline effect as the acidic effect of oxygenase activity of Rubisco,... 

Note that the alkaline product in the cytoplasm for the overall scheme is bicarbonate and not carbon dioxide gas. Thus this photorespiration could not be measured by a technique involving carbon dioxide efflux, since the alkaline effect of nitrite reduction does not allow this. Nitrite reduction should be immediately slowed when the light is turned off. 

This hypothesis was first formulated without knowledge of the distribution of nitrate-assimilating enzymes in the C4 plant species that do not carry out significant photorespiration. The hypothesis suggested that nitrate assimilation would logically occur in the mesophyll cells where its alkaline effect could be isolated from the... 

From the passive buffer properties of the blood, with an RQ of one, the predicted change in pH of the blood as a result only of the uptake of CO2 would be from 7.4 to 7.32. However, as a consequence of the alkalinizing effect of dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin to oxygen and haemoglobin, the actual fall in pH is only to 7.37. 

S cm at 300°C, which is higher than that of the respective binaiy systems. The origin of the mixed alkaline effect as well as of the mixed anion effect is still under debate. 

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