The Nonadiabatic Effects in Alkaline Earth Atoms

Nonadiabatic polarization effects have been observed in both Ca and An analysis of the Ba A/ intervals using the adiabatic core 

In Table 3 we tabulate the dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of Ca and Ba which were calculated and derived from rf data. It is apparent that the more sophisticated approach of Eissa and Opik gives better agreement than the method of Van Vleck and Whitelaw/  

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