Effect of alkalinity

The effect of alkaline preflush was also studied under two different conditions. All of the oil-recovery experiments were conducted under optimal conditions with a viscous, nonacidic oil and with Berea sandstone cores. 

Effect of Alkaline Agents on the Retention of Enhanced Oil-Recovery Chemicals... 

The effectiveness of alkaline additives tends to increase with increasing pH. However, for most reservoirs, the reaction of the alkaline additives with minerals is a serious problem for strong alkalis, and a flood needs to be operated at the lowest effective pH, approximately 10. The ideal process by which alkaline agents reduce losses of surfactants and polymers in oil recovery by chemical injection has been detailed in the literature [1126]. 

Yang, H., Wang, Y., Zhou, P., and Regenstein, J. M. (2008). Effects of alkaline and acid pretreatment on the physical properties and nanostructures of the gelatin from channel catfish skins. Food Hydrocolloids 22, 1541-1550. 

The Effect of Alkaline Additives on Chemiluminescence Runs A Possible Impact 490... 

THE EFFECT OF ALKALINE ADDITIVES ON CHEMILUMINESCENCE RUNS A POSSIBLE IMPACT... 

This offers an explanation for the frequently noticed effect of alkalinity in the accumulation of oxalate. 

Fleming, M.G., Effect of Alkalinity on the Flotation of Lead Minerals. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers Vol. 193, pp. 1231-1236, 1952. 

Figure 8. Effect of alkaline concentration in TMAH solution on contrast and sensitivity of the new resist with 1.0 micron film thickness.

The effect of alkaline solutions upon carbohydrates has been known for a considerable time, but the complexity of the reaction mixtures was not initially recognized as resulting from a combination of alkaline degrada-... 

Table 2 Effects of alkaline phosphatase concentration on the gelation time and mechanical properties of the peptide hydrogels of Emoc-Y-OH (entries 1-4) and...

This study has again demonstrated the effectiveness of alkaline hydrolysis as a prime method of lignin degradation to readily identifiable phenolic products. 

Katano, S., Oki, T., Matsuo, Y., Yoshihira, K., Nara, Y., Miki, T., Matsui, T., and Matsumoto, K. (2003). Antihypertensive effect of alkaline protease hydrolysate of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martencii separation and identification of angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. Nippon Suisan Gakk. 69, 975-980. 

Separate investigations of the effect of alkaline-earth metal ions on rates of deacetylation of the thiol acetate and of acetylation of the parent thiol under single... 

Srms NaOH per lit re -The Effect of Alkalinity on the Electrolysis of a Solution of Sodium Chloride. 

May cause deficiencies of other elements (e.g.. Re) by effect of alkalinity of limestone. 

Layug, E., Immunochemical Studies on Blood Groups XXXIII. The Effects of Alkaline Borohydride and of Alkali on Blood Group A, B, and H substances, Biochemistry (1965) 4,1632. 

Methods 1 and 2 are intended to control the boiler water pH and to precipitate the calcium and magnesium compounds as a flocculenl sludge, so that they can be removed in the boiler blowdown rather than being deposited on heat-transfer surfaces. Method 1 maintains an excess of hydroxide alkalinity. The effects of alkalinity are discussed later under Steam Purity. Method 3 involves the addition of a complex mctal-chelant compound such as ethylenediainine-tetraacetic acid i a.(FDTA) or niirilolriacelic acid (NTA). In Method 4, as ihe name implies, no solid chemicals are added to the boiler or pre-boiler cycle. The pH of the boiler water and condensate cycle is controlled by adding a volatile amine. 

Effect of Alkalinity on the Scaling of Simulated Cooling Tower Water Morse, R. W. Knudsen, J. G. 

The curve marked by a DOT represents the bleaching effect of alkaline hydrogen peroxide. The difference in the absorption coefficient at 457 nm is about -2.0 m2/kg and associated with an increase of 4.1 in the ISO brightness as the result of peroxide bleaching. Upon y irradiation of an alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleached pulp (P-TMP), one still attacks the phenolic hydroxyl groups or coniferaldehyde groups around 350 nm as indicated by the curved marked with a DIAMOND. 

Fig. 2 Effect of alkaline conditions on oxidized cotton linters. Left Changes in Mw (error bars 5%). Right Changes in carbonyl groups (error bars 2%)...

Wang, S.-C., Perso, C.E., Morris, M.D., Effects of alkaline hydrolysis and dynamic coating on the electroosmotic flow in polymeric microfabricated channels. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72(7), 1704-1706. 

Effect of Alkaline Deacidifying Agents on Naturally Aged Cellulosic Textiles... 

Douglas WW, Rubin RP. 1964a. The effects of alkaline earths and other divalent cations on adrenal medullary secretion. J Physiol 175 231-241. 

Thune, P. et al., The water barrier function of the skin in relation to the water content of stratum corneum, pH and skin lipids. The effect of alkaline soap and syndet on dry skin in elderly, non-atopic patients, Acta Derm. Venereol., 68, 277, 1988. 

Gould, J. M., Jasberg, B. K., and Dexter, L. (1990). Effects of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated fiber ingredients on mixograph properties of wheat flour dough. Lebensm. Mss. Technol. 23 358-360. 

There has been some concern about the effect of alkaline conditions on the formation of toxic amino acids in corn, particularly lysinoalanine (13). However, since lysinoalanine was found in very small amounts in foods prepared under more rigorous conditions than those applied traditionally, and since the lime treatment of corn has been a processing... 

The kinetics of the reaction of cyclohexanone oxime (1) with acetylene (Equation (1)) in MOH-DMSO under atmospheric pressure was studied and quantitative data on the effect of alkaline cations on the yields of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole (2) and its N-vinyl derivative 3 as well as on the reaction selectivity were obtained (08DOC(423)66). 

Sodium hydroxide appears to be the most important alkali employed in commercial operations, and two general methods for its use are of importance. One method employs dilute, sodium hydroxide solutions at elevated temperatures, and the other uses concentrated solutions at low temperatures. In the hot, alkaline refining process, temperature, time, concentration of alkali, and consistency of pulp may be varied over wide limits. The literature contains only a limited amount of data showing the effect of alkaline treatment on sulfite-pulp composition. However, from the available data, certain principles are apparent. 

The effect of alkaline treatment on the mannan content of wood pulps... 

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