Alkaline earth metal-based glasses

Alkaline Earth Metal-Based Glasses/Interconnects Interface... 

Perovskites have the chemical formula ABO, where A is an 8- to 12-coordinated cation such as an alkaU or alkaline earth, and B is a small, octahedraHy coordinated high valence metal such as Ti, Zr, Nb, or Ta. Glass-ceramics based on perovskite crystals ate characteri2ed by their unusual dielectric and electrooptic properties. Examples include highly crystalline niobate glass-ceramics which exhibit nonlinear optical properties (12), as well as titanate and niobate glass-ceramics with very high dielectric constants (11,14). 

Ion formation mechanisms for silica gel matrices have never been studied for those elements that are not readily reducible to the metal. The solvation/desol-vation mechanism hypothesized previously may have a role in enhancing ion emission from these materials, but it would not be expected that an alkaline earth element could exist in the zero oxidation state in these glass matrices, which are oxide based. The species in the molten glass would be expected to be in the standard +2 oxidation state, but the experimentally observed species is +1. Indeed, there has never been a +2 species reported from thermal ionization, so there is the question of how the +2 species in the molten glass is converted to and emitted as a +1 ion. 

---