Solid solutions, alkaline earth halide

Preparation and Identification of Divalent Lanthanide Ions as Dilute Solutes in Alkaline Earth Halide Solid Solutions... 

Fig. 5.5. Free energies of solution (Johnson 1968, p. 70) of alkali metal and alkaline earth halides as a function of cation bonding strength. F = fluorides, C = chlorides, B = bromides, and I = iodides. The lines represent eqn (5.3), the solid line is for F , the broken line for CP, the dense dotted line for Br, and the light dotted line for P.

Single crystals of rutile (Ti02), spinel (MgAl204), strontium titanate (SrTiOJ, and ruby (AI2O3 with some Cr203 in solid solution) have been used as synthetic jewel materials. Lithium niobate (LiNbOg) is used as a laser host and as a substrate. The use of alkali and alkaline earth halide crystals for prisms... 

Solutions of alkali metals in ammonia have been the best studied, but other metals and other solvents give similar results. The alkaline earth metals except- beryllium form similar solutions readily, but upon evaporation a solid ammoniste. M(NHJ)jr, is formed. Lanthanide elements with stable +2 oxidation states (europium, ytterbium) also form solutions. Cathodic reduction of solutions of aluminum iodide, beryllium chloride, and teUraalkybmmonium halides yields blue solutions, presumably containing AP+, 3e Be2, 2e and R4N, e respectively. Other solvents such as various amines, ethers, and hexameihytphosphoramide have been investigated and show some propensity to form this type of solution. Although none does so as readily as ammonia, stabilization of the cation by complexation results in typical blue solutions... 

In this review, the relationships between structure, morphology, and surface reactivity of microcrystals of oxides and halides are assessed. The investigated systems we discuss include alkali halides, alkaline earth oxides, NiO, CoO, NiO-MgO, CoO-MgO solid solutions, ZnO, spinels, cuprous oxide, chromia, ferric oxide, alumina, lanthana, perovskites, anatase, rutile, and chromia/silica. A combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with vibrational spectroscopy of adsorbed probes and of reaction intermediates and calorimetric methods was used to characterize the surface properties. A few examples of reactions catalyzed by oxides are also reported. 2001... 

The standard X-ray diffraction patterns for 57 compounds have been collected. The data comprise Miller indices, interplanar spacings, and lattice constants for inorganic compounds, solid solutions of alkali-metal halides and of alkaline-earth metal nitrates. ... 

Well-established potentiometric devices used in bioanalysis are based on macroscopic electrodes that use gas-permeable polymer, solid or liquid membranes selective to CO2, NH3, pH, or various alkali, alkaline earth, or halide ions [7]. The membranes separate the external analyte solution from the inner reference solution, and these electrodes are used in conjunction with an integral or external reference electrode. The selectivities of these membranes can be excellent, for example, the main interferent in the fluoride ISE that uses a solid Lap3/Eup2 membrane is hydroxide, with a Kfjoh value of 0.1 thus, over the pH range 0-8.5, the electrode responds in a Nernstian fashion to fluoride concentrations above 10 M [9]. Solid Ag2S membranes doped with AgX, where X is Cl , Br , I , CN , or SCN , are used for the determination of these anions. 

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