Alkali metal fluorides liquid ammonia

The above results are concordant with the recent finding443 that saturated alkyl fluorides are not reduced by alkali metals in liquid ammonia at — 33°, although unsaturated fluorides are reduced rapidly. All types of fluoro compounds are reported to be reduced by metal-ammonia solutions at 0-25°.74... 

Polyfluoro-/f-sultones 3 isomerize in the presence of nucleophilic catalysts to polyfluorinaied a-fluorosulfonyl acyl fluorides 4.45 47 The nucleophilic catalysts include triethylamine,45 ammonia,48 dioxane,49,50 dibutyl ether,49,50 and alkali metal fluorides.46 The reaction has been carried out thermally and in the presence of liquid hydrogen fluoride.50... 

Generally liquid ammonia is a good solvent for many salts, such as nitrates, nitrites, iodides, cyanides, thiocyanides, and acetates. Ammonium salts are especially soluble. The hydroxides, fluorides, and salts with di- and trivalent anions, such as oxides and sulfides, in general are insoluble. Apart from alkali metals, some other metals and nonmetals are also soluble. A compilation of the solubilities of organic compounds in liquid ammonia shows notable solubility of saccharoses [1417],... 

In order to accomplish a total dehalogenation to hydrocarbons, dissolving metal reductions are most commonly employed. Cyclopropyl chlorides and bromides are satisfactorily reduced by alkali metal in alcohoF or in liquid ammonia. However, the fluorides are usually resistant to the hydrogenolysis. gem-Difluorides have been... 

Bismuth fluoride (Bip3) is found in the form of white or gray dimorphic crystals, practically insoluble in water, but soluble in concentrated hydrofluoric acid with the formation of complexes. It volatilizes slowly with partial decomposition at high temperatures. Bismuth bromide (BiBr3) is found as yellowish crystals, soluble in aqueous alkali halides and dilute hydrochloric acid, but practically insoluble in alcohols. It is readily decomposed by water to give bismuth oxybromide BiOBr. Bismuth iodide (BiU) is a black fine crystalline solid with a metallic sheen, practically insoluble in water, but slowly decomposes in hot water. It dissolves in liquid ammonia, aqueous potassium iodide, hydriodic acid and hydrochloric acid, but not so much (ca. 3.5%) in absolute ethanol. When exposed to air for a prolonged time, it is slowly converted to bismuth iodate (Bi(I03)3). Bismuth fluoride of 98% purity costs US 24.30 ( 6200) per 25 g, bromide of 98% purity US 24.90 ( 6200), and iodide of 99% US 34.50 ( 8600). These halides are all corrosive and moisture-sensitive. 

Chlorine dioxide Copper Fluorine Hydrazine Hydrocarbons (benzene, butane, propane, gasoline, turpentine, etc) Hydrocyanic acid Hydrofluoric acid, anhydrous (hydrogen fluoride) Hydrogen peroxide Ammonia, methane, phosphine or hydrogen sulphide Acetylene, hydrogen peroxide Isolate from everything Hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, or any other oxidant Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, chromic acid, peroxide Nitric acid, alkalis Ammonia, aqueous or anhydrous Copper, chromium, iron, most metals or their salts, any flammable liquid, combustible materials, aniline, nitromethane... 

Molybdenum Hexafluoride, MoFg, the only fluoride known vith certainty to exist, is best prepared by the action of fluorine on the finely divided metal at 60° to 70° C., the product being collected in a vessel cooled by a mixture of solid carbon dioxide and alcohol. It forms white crystals which melt at 17° C., the boLling-poiiit of the liquid being 35° C. It is decomposed by water, yielding the blue oxide (see p. 131), but does not react with chlorine, sul2ihur dioxide, or dry air it is absorbed by alkali or ammonium hydroxides, and fomis double salts vith alkali fluorides. It also reacts with ammonia, vith 2>roduction of a brown powder. 

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