Alkali metals alcoholates

Alkali Metals Alcohols, Glycols Flammable gas and heat generation ... 

TABLE 1-4 Effect of Iron on the Rate of Alkali Metal-Alcohol Reactions in Liquid Ammonia"- ... 

In anhydrous, alcoholic media at 25°, both the hydroxide and the cyanide of alkali metals react with nonacidic carbohydrates, to give colorless, amorphous, hygroscopic precipitates that are preponderantly mono-(alkali metal) alcoholate." Under the proper conditions of concentration, most of the metal alcoholates combine with an additional molecule of carbohydrate per molecule, to give products whose molar ratios of carbohydrate to alkali metal are greater than 1 1. A small proportion of the hydroxide adduct or the cyanide adduct accompanies the alcoholate as the latter is... 

The general structure of alkali metal alcoholates of polyhydroxy compounds is probably very similar to those proposed by Martell and Calvin1 for the alkali metal chelates of o-salicylaldehyde (see Figs. 9 and 10). 148 1M>IM Unfortunately, because of the highly amorphous nature of nearly all pf the alcoholates and adducts formed by the interaction of metal hydroxides with carbohydrates, x-ray diffraction studies have failed to furnish information regarding the precise location of the metal in these complexes. 

To effect the aldol condensation, reactions of liquid alcohols in a batch autoclave typically used a basic catalyst, such as sodium ethoxide or other alkali metal alcoholate (11,12), phosphate (13), or carbonate (14), and a... 

New processes include synthesis of /V-alkylated anilines from olefins and aniline in an inert solvent with at least one catalyst from a range that includes alkali metal alcoholates, alkaline earth metal alcoholates, alkali metal amides and alkaline earth amides36. The uses for /V,/V-dimethylaniline (11) include in the manufacture of polyester resins, sulfur recovery (in copper refining), insecticides and fungicides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, explosives, rubber products, specialty isocyanates and petroleum additives. The /V-ethylaniline (26) is a dye intermediate and rubber additive, and is used for bum control in explosives, while /V,/V-diclhylaniline is used in production of polyester resins, pharmaceuticals, diazo prints (lithographic), and dyes, and as a petroleum additive37. 

It has been claimed, however, that when carbon monoxide is reacted with aliphatic alcohols in the liquid phase and in the presence of dissolved alkali metal alcoholates, the corresponding alkyl formates are readily formed."0 For example, ethanol containing 1.5 per cent... 

An extensive study of the reduction of pregnan-20-ones with alkali-metal-alcohol systems has revealed marked dependence of product ratios on the particular metal and alcohol used. Optimum yields ca. 73%) of the 20a-ol result... 

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