Alkali-baked product

A similar study of the dye Cl Sulphur Orange 1, obtained by heating 2,4-diaminotoluene with sulphur led to the isolation of compound 6.136 after reaction of the alkali melt of the dye with chloroacetic acid. It was concluded that the commercial dye is a polybenzothiazole. The final hue of the product depends on the temperature and the duration of the sulphurisation the use of a smaller proportion of sulphur produces Cl Sulphur Brown 10. A similar product (Cl Sulphur Brown 8) is obtained when 2,4-dinitrotoluene is baked with sodium polysulphide. A brown sulphur dye of high fastness to light (Cl Sulphur Brown 52) results when the polycyclic hydrocarbon decacyclene (6.137) is baked with sulphur at 350 °C [57]. 

Ethylsilicate-32 is widely used in various spheres of economy, e.g. as a cementing and impregnating agent in the production of molds for precision molding, etc. For example, the cement obtained by mixing ethylsilicate with various fillers (quartz flour, cinder) solidifies in the cold. It is resistant to acids and weak alkali. Water only improves its mechanical properties. After baking at 300°C, the cement becomes resistant to concentrated alkali as well. 

Sodium bicarbonate is used in food products as an alkali or as a leavening agent, e.g. baking soda. See Table I. 

When one part of toluene-2 4-diamine is baked with 2 to 4 parts of sulphur at a temperature between 190 and 250 C (374 to 482 F) for 15 to 24 hours, and the crude product is extracted with aqueous caustic soda or sodium sulphide, a sulphur dye known as Immedial Orange C (C.I. SULPHUR ORANGE 1) is extracted. The dye, when heated with an alkali, yields an ortho-aminothiol which can be isolated in a pure state in the form of its lactam after it has been treated with chloracetic acid, and it has been established that it has the structure shown in (2). 

Since alkali diffusion from a substrate into a crystallizing film requires time, the influence on the resulting structure type decreases from substrate/film boundary to film/air boundary depending on film thickness d. Thus, thin 2 films deposited on alkali glasses exhibit lower mean refractive indices n than thicker films. This effect is shown in Fig. 5 for 2 films made from butyl titanate solution and baked 1 h at 450°C and 500°C respectively [28]. The refractive index of 2 layers fabricated in this way is dependent on various production parameters it is clear... 

Sodium is the alkali metal of most commercial importance by far, and the principal sodium compounds of industrial and commercial importance are the chloride (NaCl), the anhydrous carbonate (i.e., soda ash, Na COj), hydrogenocarbonate (i.e., baking soda, NaHCOj), the hydroxide (i.e., caustic soda, NaOH), and the sulfate (Na SO. lOH O, Glauber salt). Large amounts of sodium chloride are, for instance, used in the production of bulk quantities of other industrial chemicals. To a lesser extent sodium cyanide, sodium peroxide, sodium sulfide, sodium borates, sodium phosphates, and sodium alkyl sulfates are also industrially produced. Nevertheless, the aim of this book is not to detail the uses of sodium compounds, which are extensively described in comprehensive industrial inorganic chemistry textbooks thus only the uses and applications of metallic sodium are listed in Table 4.15. 

Nearly equal in resistance to high-bake phenolics. May be formulated for excellent resistance to alkalies, solvents, salt water, deionized water, freshwater, and mild acids. Excellent for dry products. 

---