Alizarin indigo blue

Alizarine red (S marks), Erweco alizarine acid red, alizarine orange S W, alizarine cyanine, brilliant alizarine cyanine, anthracene blue (S Marks), acid alizarine blue, alizarine dark green W, alizarine blue (S Marks), alizarine green A alizarine black S, alizarine indigo blue (S Marksl, coeruleine (S Marks). 0 n the addition of a few drops of dilute caustic soda (1 20), the colour becomes more 1 intense, and bluer ... 

If, finally, the temperature of the reaction between sulphuric acid and alizarin blue be raised to 200° to 210°, or if alizarin green is heated to the same temperature with concentrated sulphuric acid, a third dyestuff. Alizarin Indigo-blue, is obtained. This body is a trioxyalizarin-blue. The commercial products are pastes which contain the bisulphite compounds. The shades produced in dyeing are sufficiently indicated by the names, being a dull indigo-blue and a dull bluish green respectively. The best results are obtained with chromium mordants. 

Analysis. The colorimetric method for In is capable of a detection limit of 20 ppb. Indium or an In compound in the flame gives an indigo blue color (451.1 nm). This photon line allows for the spectrophotometric determination ofinby AAS (atomic absorption flame spectroscopy). The method is sensitive to about 300 ppb. With ETAAS, this limit drops to 10 ppb, as it does with ICPAES. ICPMS drops the limit to 0.01 ppb. Alizarin detects In, as well as Al, but the reaction with Al can be masked by addition of F to a spot test. The limit of detection is about 1 ppm. 

With chromium oxide, alizarin blue gives a stable indigo-blue lake. 

Numerous experimental systems verified the theory of surface electrode reactions. Reductions of methylene blue [92], azobenzene [79, 82] alizarine red S [93], probucol [94], molybdenum(V)-fulvic acid complex [95], molybdeniun(VI)-1,10 phenanthroline-fulvic acid complex [96], indigo [97], and reduction of vana-dium(V) [98] at a mercury electrode are some of the examples for surface electrode... 

A simple spot test was used for the identification of procaine, and other drugs [30], The method uses one or more of the following reagents 0.4% Alizarin red S (C.I. Mordant Red 3) in 20% acetic acid, 0.3% indigo carmine (C.I. Acid Blue 74), 0.4% indigo carmine in 30% acetic acid,... 

Of the blue lakes, mention may be made of those of indigo and logwood, alizarin blue, basic triphenylmethane blues and methylene blue. Violet lakes are made with methyl violet and the like or with mixtures of blues and reds. 

The blue dye indigo, derived from the plant Indigofera tinctoria, has been used in India for thousands of years. Traders introduced it to the Mediterranean area and then to Europe. Tyrian purple, a natural dark purple dye obtained from the mucous gland of a Mediterranean snail of the genus Murex, was a symbol of royalty before the collapse of the Roman empire. Alizarin, a bright red dye obtained from madder root Rubia tinctorum), a plant native to India and northeastern Asia, has been found in cloth entombed with Egyptian mummies. 

In 1901, Rend Bohn, head of the BASF alizarin laboratory, applied the indigo reaction conditions to 2-aminoanthraquinone (46) and discovered a blue colorant that he named indanthrone, from indigo and anthraquinone . He then obtained the same product more directly from 46. Later known as indanthrene blue RS (47), it was the first of the anthraquinone vat dyes, more correctly anthraquinonoid vat dyes, also known as indanthrene dyes (Scheme 18). With this innovation, three types of anthraquinone dyes became available mordant (such as alizarin), acid (Robert E. Schmidt, at Bayer, 1894) and vat. 

Nevertheless, with the arrival of synthetic indigo in the 20th century, more beautiful and water-fast cotton dyes than ever before could be produced, e.g. Indanthrene Blue. Arising out of the chemistry of alizarin, work began on an-thraquinone dyestuffs. In 1901, Rene Bohn at BASF made a remarkable dis-... 

Synthetic dyes, such as indigo with different concentrations (20%-8o%), alizarin for red, auramine for yellow, naphthol for red and yellow, and aniline for blue or black color, have replaced the traditional natural dyestuffs [1, 2, 4, 6]. Examples of the synthetic dyes used in batik processing are Brenta Soga produced by ICI, Naphthol as produced by Bayer, and Anthrasol produced by Hoechst [4]. 

Alizarin Indian yellow Indigo Quercitron Ultramarine Umber Bone brown Ebony Green lake Olive green Prussian blue Carlyle (2001) 495 Field (1835) Field (1841)... 

The principal dyes used by medieval dyers were indigo from woad for blue, alizarin and purpurin from madder for red, and luteolin from weld or cro-cetin from saffron for yellow some had been used long before the Middle Ages and weld was known in the Stone Age. Organic pigments have also been used on manuscripts, notably saffron, weld, indigo, woad, Tyrian purple, madder and carmine. 

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