Aliphatic polyesters, history

The lowest cost process for preparing all-arcmatic liquid crystalline polyesters involves the reaction of aromatic carboxylic acids with acetates of aromatic hydroxy ocnpounds a recent history (2) describes the development of these ICP s. Because aoetic acid is evolved in the process and reaction temperatures are above 300°C, expensive corrosion-resistant reactors must be installed for ccranercial production. In cur latest paper (2) of this ICP series, we described a number of aliphatic-aromatic ICP s which can be produced in conventional polyester reactors and injection molded to give plastics with very high mechanical properties, heat-deflection temperatures (HDT s), and solvent resistance. These ICP s (la) were prepared by the reaction of the dimethyl ester of... 

Polyurethanes were first discovered by Otto Bayer and coworkers at I. G. Farbenindustrie, Germany, in the late 1930s. The first products were obtained by reacting an aliphatic diisocyanate with an aliphatic diamine or diol. These materials soon found commercial uses and were marketed under the trade names of Irgamid U, for plastics, and Perlon U for synthetic fibers and bristles. Very soon after this, it was discovered that isocyanates could be used to bond rubber to metal, which in turn led to the development of urethane adhesives based on polyester diols these adhesives were commercialized under the trade name Polystal. For a more complete account of the history of polyurethanes, see refs. 2, 4, and 5. 

This chapter reviews the research and the most relevant progresses in polycarbonates (PC)s science and provides a comprehensive source of information on history, synthesis, processing and applications. The application of different polymerization procedure of the commercial aromatic bisphenol-A polycarbonate (referred herein as PC) and the innovative enzymatic catalysed polymerization of aliphatic polycarbonate are summarized. Due to the high engineering performance of PC polymer, an extensive section on mechanical, electrical, chemical and thermal properties is included. The thermo and photo oxidative behaviours, the hydrolytic stability and the consequent modification on PC chemical structure are also discussed. The development of PC polymeric materials such as composites and blends are also addressed, emphasizing in particular the properties and the applications of impact modified PC blends and even of the PC/Polyester systems. 

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