Aliphatic hydrocarbons chlorinated methanes

Chang, H.-L., and L. Alvarez-Cohen, Biodegradation of individual and multiple chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons of methane-oxidizing cultures , Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62, 3371-3377 (1996). 

Arvin E. 1991. Biodegradation kinetics of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons with methane oxidizing bacteria in an aerobic fixed biofilm reactor. Water Res WATRAG 25(7) 873-881. 

Oldenhuis R, RLJM Vink, DB Janssen, B Witholt (1989) Degradation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b expressing soluble methane monooxygenase. Appl Environ... 

In the production of carbon tetrachloride, chlorination is carried out in excess chlorine. The lower-boiling, partially chlorinated products then enter into a series of reactors where they react with added chlorine to achieve almost full chlorination of methane. In another process called chlorinolysis, higher aliphatic hydrocarbons undergo exhaustive chlorination at pyrolytic temperature (>600°C).177 182 183 Under such conditions carbon-carbon bond fission and simultaneous chlorination occur. Aliphatic hydrocarbon wastes are the preferred feedstock, as they react with about 20% excess chlorine. 

Chlorination of methane and higher aliphatic hydrocarbons is also used to manufacture carbon tetrachloride. 

Much effort has been concentrated on the fate of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in aquifers (e.g., trichloroethylene, dichloroethylene). These chemicals undergo reductive dehalogenation under anaerobic conditions. By contrast, these compounds are degraded under aerobic conditions by methane-utilizing bacteria. For example, methan-otrophic bacteria can transform more than 50% of trichloroethane into CO2 and bacterial biomass. 

Methane An alkane (saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon) with one carbon atom, CH4. A colorless, odorless, highly flammable gas (autoignition temperature, 537°C). Reacts with chlorine in light. Occurs as natural and coal gas. Can be obtained synthetically from a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen from steam treatment of hot coal. Used in petrochemical synthesis, for manufacture of carbon black and chlorinated solvents, and as fuel. 

Analine hydrochloride production and the chlorination of aliphatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, methane and ethane Manufacture of vinyl chloride monomer... 

Hydrocarbon formation from methyl chloride can be catalyzed by ZSM-5482 483 or bifunctional acid-base catalysts such as W03 on alumina.420,447 The reaction on ZSM-5 gives a product distribution (43.1% aliphatics and 57.1% aromatics at 369°C) that is very similar to that in the transformation of methanol, suggesting a similar reaction pathway in both reactions.483 W03 on A1203 gives 42.8% C2-C5 hydrocarbons at 327°C at 36% conversion.447 When using methyl bromide as the feed, conversions are comparable. However, in this case, HBr can be very readily air-oxidized to Br2 allowing a catalytic cycle to be operated. Since bromine is the oxidant, the reaction is economical. The one step oxidative condensation of methane to higher hydrocarbons was also achieved in the presence of chlorine or bromine over superacidic catalysts.357... 

---