Alcohols primary, lignin

In gymnosperms, the primary lignin precursors are the two monolignols coniferyl and /7-coumaryl alcohols, while in angiosperms sinapyl alcohol is also a participant in... 

Biorefinery includes fractionation for separation of primary refinery products. The fractionation refers to the conversion of wood into its constituent components (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin). Processes include steam explosion, aqueous separation and hot water systems. Commercial products of biomass fractionation include levulinic acid, xylitol and alcohols. Figure 3.3 shows the fractionation of wood and chemicals from wood. 

C2 and C3 primary alcohol side chains guaiacyl type models substituted in the C6 position with reduced carbon side chains and acetylated derivatives of these models from spectra cf the several hydrol lignin preparations. 

Hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation may occur in the absence of a catalyst but for rapid stabilization of, or effective addition of hydrogen to, the primarily formed lignin fragments, the application of a suitable catalyst is necessary The only exception to this principle are hydrogen-generating reactions which occur when primary alcohols and alkali are heated to temperatures in the vicinity of 350 °C... 

Sibout, R., Eudes, A., Mouille, G., Pollet, B., Lapierre, C., Jouanin, L. and Seguin, A. (2005) Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase-C and -D are the primary genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in the floral stem oi Arahidopsis. Plant Cell, 17, 2059-76. 

Traditionally, the organic components of expander formulations are derived from natural products such as wood pulp. The composition of such materials is poorly defined. Lignin extracts, frequently obtained from waste sulfite liquors in the papermaking industry, are purified by removing sugars and various metals, and then depolymerized to different degrees. Lignin molecules are formed from three primary precursors, p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol the... 

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