Alcoholic-hydrochloric acid

Nitropyridazines are reduced catalytically either over platinum, Raney nickel or palladium-charcoal catalyst. When an N-oxide function is present, palladium-charcoal in neutral solution is used in order to obtain the corresponding amino N-oxide. On the other hand, when hydrogenation is carried out in aqueous or alcoholic hydrochloric acid and palladium-charcoal or Raney nickel are used for the reduction of the nitro group, deoxygenation of the N- oxide takes place simultaneously. Halonitropyridazines and their N- oxides are reduced, dehalogenated and deoxygenated to aminopyridazines or to aminopyridazine N- oxides under analogous conditions. 

Glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride has been prepared by the action of absolute alcohol and hydrogen chloride on glycine from glycyl chloride and alcohol by the action of ammonia or hexamethylenetetramine on chloroacetic acid, and subsequent hydrolysis with alcoholic hydrochloric acid and by the action of hydrogen chloride and alcohol on methyleneamino-acetonitrile. ... 

Leonard and Elderfield have also carried out degradation experiments with alstonine and its tetrahydride. On fusion with potassium hydroxide at 300-350° in nitrogen, alstonine furnishes barman (p. 490) and indefinite basic and acidic fractions. Tetrahydroalstonine on like treatment produces barman, worharman, and three unidentified bases, each of which fluoresces blue in alcoholic hydrochloric acid Base A, C4,H4gN2, m.p. 171-5 to 172-5°, forms a picrate, m.p. > 267° is probably a substituted -carboline. Base B, or 18 3, gives apicrate, m.p. 261° (dec.). Base C,... 

The N-[)3-(p-aminophenyl)ethyl]-4-phenyl-4-carboethoxypiperidine is dissolved in 50 cc of hot anhydrous ethanol, an excess (about 20 cc) of 20% alcoholic hydrochloric acid solution is added upon scratching the side of the container crystals form. One hundred cubic centimeters of ether are then added to the mixture, the ethereal mixture is cooled, and the crystalline material which precipitates is recovered by filtration, washed with ether, and dried to give 12.7 grams of N-[)3-(p-aminophenyl)ethyl]-4-phenyl-4-carboethoxypiperidine dihydrochloride which can be further purified by recrystallization from ethanol or methanol to give substantially pure material MP 275°-277°C. 

The washed benzene layer is diluted with an equal volume of ether and alcoholic hydrochloric acid is added until the mixture is acid to Congo red. A white crystalline solid forms which is dissolved in 300-400 cc of alcohol and diluted with ether to the point where precipitation starts. A few drops of butanone are added, the solution is cooled to -10°C, and filtered to recover the crystals which separate. The product is obtained in the form of white needles melting at IbS -IBO C, in good yield. 

The hydrochloric extract is then made alkaline and the separated base is extracted with ether. After drying, the solvent is evaporated and the residue is distilled in the high vacuum, whereby the N-(3-dimethylamino propyD-imino dibenzyl passes over at a temperature of 160°C under 0.1 mm pressure. The chlorohydrate with a melting point of 174° to 175°C is obtained therefrom with alcoholic hydrochloric acid. 

The base is acidified with alcoholic hydrochloric acid. Alcohol-ether (1 2) is then added and the hydrochloride salt is crystallized as colorless flakes melting at 211° to 213°C. 

To obtain the corresponding dihydrochloride, the base is dissolved in absolute alcohol (3 volumes) and to that solution is added 5N alcoholic hydrochloric acid. The dihydrochloride precipitates, is centrifuged and washed with alcohol. It is a solid white material, having a melting point of 134°C to 135°C. 

Cleavage of the addition product 5 can be easily performed by treatment with dilute ( 1 %) aqueous alcoholic hydrochloric acid which liberates the chiral amino alcohol 3 and an a-hydroxy aldehyde. The latter can be further oxidized to the oc-hydroxy carboxylic acid 6 with sodium chlorite33. 

Treating the triazole residue in alcoholic hydrochloric acid with an excess of diazo-tized 2,4-dinitroaniline, and then acidifying strongly to produce an intensely red colored compound (III). (The presence of hydrochloric acid is essential. Other strong acids, in the absence of hydrochloric acid, do not lead to the desired color formation.)... 

Tetraethoxysilane-water-alcohol-hydrochloric acid solutions of appropriate compositions become viscous and spinnable in the course of hydrolysis and condensation of SiCCX Hs). Fig.l shows the time change of the viscosity of a Si(0C2H5)4 solution with the [H2O]/... 

Pocklington and Hardstaff [432] react sediment samples with 1,3,5-tri-hydroxybenzene in alcoholic hydrochloric acid to produce a colour in the particulate lignins, facilitating their identification under the microscope. Samples high in lignins can then be subjected to the normal methods of analysis. This is an excellent screening technique (semi-quantitative). 

C. Usually the polymerisation is carried out in the presence of Ziegler-Natta catalysts based on titanium tetrachloride and aluminium alkyl. The catalyst may be either prepared or formed in the reactor. Usually, the polymerisation is carried out in presence of a hydrocarbon solvent. The polymer is insoluble in the solvent. The reaction is terminated by addition of an alcohol and catalyst extracted with alcoholic hydrochloric acid. Catalyst removal is important for electrical insolution used. The Polymer chain obtained by this process is essentially linear. 

Biguanides are also formed by the breakdown of certain triazines. Thus alcoholic hydrochloric acid converts 2-dichloromethyl-6-phenylguanamine (LIV) into phenylbiguanide (LVI, R=Ph) 443), and aqueous ethanol... 

Yellow monoclinic crystals deliquesces density 2.75 g/cm decomposes in moist air with the evolution of HCl melts at 204.7°C vaporizes at 254°C decomposes in water soluble in alcohol, hydrochloric acid, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. 

The traditional method of oxidizing hydrazine derivatives makes use of halogens or hypohalites as oxidizing agents. The techniques range from the preparation of l,l -azobis(l-cyclohexanenitrile) by the addition of bromine to an alcoholic hydrochloric acid solution of the corresponding hydrazine [89], through the use of bromine water [90, 91] to oxidations with sodium hypo-bromite [64] or sodium hypochlorite [92]. 

The isopropyl alcohol-hydrochloric acid solution contains 1 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid per 100 ml. of isopropyl alcohol. If the hydrochloric acid is omitted, the product will be impure and the yield greatly reduced. Sodium chloride is not appreciably soluble in this solution. 

A rearrangement that does not fall into the pattern described in this section has been found by Cusmano and Ruccia.191 This time a 1,2,4-oxadiazole is the final product formed by nitrosation of an imidazole. What intermediates lie between the nitroso compound (103) and the final product (104) have not been determined, but the reagent is alcoholic hydrochloric acid. Other examples of this type of rearrangement are known191,192 that also resemble the nitrosopyrrole to isoxazole rearrangement.192"... 

The nitrosamines are neutral oily liquids of little importance in themselves. This reaction, however, serves to separate secondary bases from mixtures of primary, secondary and tertiary. The aromatic nitrosamines undergo an interesting rearrangement when heated with alcoholic hydrochloric acid (B., 20, 1247), the nitroso group migrating to a position in the nucleus, forming p-nitroso compounds. 

Until 1982, most alkoxysilanes had been produced from chlorosilanes and alcohols. Hydrochloric acid was therefore still a problem. In 1982, a process was developed in which TMOS could be made directly from elemental silicon and methanol [5]. In the production of silicate coatings, TMOS is first converted to TEOS by an alcoholysis reaction with ethanol. This prevents toxic methanol vapors from escaping from the curing coating. The TEOS is partially hydrolyzed with the rest of the hydrolysis occurring at the time of application. This is therefore a way to produce silicates without chlorine. (If a practical method for converting alkoxysilanes to alkylsilanes could be found, there would also be a nonchlorine method of production of silicones.)... 

Orthoformic ester has been prepared by the treatment of a mixture of chloroform and alcohol with sodium 1 by the action of dry sodium ethylate on chloroform 2 or on an ether solution of chloroform 3 by the action of alcoholic sodium hydroxide on chloroform 4 and by the action of alcoholic hydrochloric acid on ethyl formimido ester5 or its mercuric chloride double salt.6... 

Of the procedures cited in Section 3, procedures (1), (3), and (4) have been examined by the submitters for comparison with the present procedure. Of these, the present procedure and that based on the Delepine reaction (1) appeared to be the most satisfactory for preparative purposes. Yields by the two procedures were comparable however, the Delepine reaction could be run somewhat more conveniently on a larger scale (provided that one was willing to accept a tedious extraction of the product from the copious quantity of ammonium salts with which it is mixed). The Delepine reaction also makes a lesser demand on the skill and technique of the operator. On the other hand, attempts in the submitters laboratory to extend the Delepine reaction to sec-bromides have been unsuccessful therefore the Delepine reaction appears to lack the generality of the present procedure, which shares such generality, apparently, with procedures (2), (3), (7). and (8). Furthermore, the Delepine reaction gives a mixture of phenacylamine hydrochloride and hydrobromide M0 (although the submitters have found that by careful fractional crystallization from isopropyl alcohol-hydrochloric acid solution about 50% of the pure hydrochloride can be obtained). 

Heavy Metal Cyanides. Detonates explosively in presence of heavy metal cyanides.5 Hydrochloric Acid. Explosive reaction occurs when hydrochloric acid is rapidly passed into alcoholic HCN cold alcoholic HCN should be rapidly added to cold alcoholic hydrochloric acid.6... 

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