Alcohol ethoxylates description

RAW MATERIALS Genapol UD 050 CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION C11 oxo alcohol ethoxylate with 5 moles EO. Nonionic. SOURCE Hoechs... 

Description. This class of surfactants covers ethoxylated or propoxylated alcohols. Ethoxylated alcohols (i.e., polyethyleneglycol or PEG ethers) are produced from the reaction of fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide (EO). Similarly, propoxylated alcohols (i.e., polypropyleneglycol or PPG ethers) are obtained with propylene oxide (PO). Due to the low hydrophilicity of propylene glycol, this group does not increase (and even decreases) the water solubility of the molecule. Therefore, the same surfactant molecule generally combines EO units to compensate for the hydrophobicity of PPG chains PEG proportion can be modulated in order to control the surfactant HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance). 

RAW MATERIALS Neodol 25-3 Ethoxylate CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION Linear primary alcohol SOURCE Shell... 

Once formulated, exploitation of the special properties of microemulsions is facilitated by knowledge of the types of microstructure, characteristic sizes, and the dynamics of structure fluctuations. Unfortunately, determination of microemulsion microstructure and dynamics remains difficult, and thus is discussed elsewhere in this book (see Chapter 40). Here, the relationships between microstructure, interfacial tensions and phase behaviour are is discussed, and a qualitative description of the dynamic processes in microemulsions is given. For simple ethoxylated alcohol-water mixtures, the correlations below allow an estimation of the sizes and interfacial tensions in microemulsions without resort to any complex measurements. 

Description. This class of surfactants is a subcategory of the above surfactant group based on carboxylic acids they are monoesters of di- and tricarboxylic acids. These esters are produced by condensation reactions involving different types of molecule either an alcohol with a polycarboxylic acid (e.g., tartric or citric acid), or an hydroxyacid (e.g., lactic acid) with a carboxylic acid. The reacting alcohol may have been previously ethoxylated. 

Description. These surfactants are formed by the reaction of sodium chloracetate with ethoxylated alcohols. Due to the addition of ethoxylated groups, ether carboxylates are more soluble in water and less sensitive to water hardness compared to conventional soaps. Also, keeping the best properties of nonionic surfactants, they do not exhibit any cloud point and show good wetting and foam stability. 

Description. Alkyl ether sulfates (AES), which are also called alcohol ethoxy sulfates (AEOS), result from the sulfation of an ethoxylated alcohol. As will be mentioned in a later section covering the ethoxylated alcohols, there is usually, and more especially in industrial-grade raw materials, a rather broad distribution in the ethoxylation degree. The ether sulfates are stable under alkaline conditions but are rapidly hydrolyzed under acidic conditions and even under neutral conditions this hydrolysis is ascribed to an autocatalytic acidification process that progressively takes place and continues growing. 

Description. Esterified quaternaries (or esterquats) are produced by the esterification of the hydroxyl group(s) of secondary or tertiary amino alcohols (e.g., diethanol amine, imidazoline derivative, etc.) with selected fatty acids. The above starting amino alcohols can result from the ethoxylation of straight amines. The resulting esteramine is further quatemized by adequate quatemizing agents (e.g., dimethylsulfate, methylchloride, etc.). 

Description. Despite their surface and interfacial activities, fatty alcohols (or al-Icanediols) are not generally considered to be true surfactants because these molecules exhibit very weak solubility in water. However, it is worth mentioning their use as coemulsifiers or as cosurfactants. Also, alcohols are the precursors of other surfactants such as ethoxylated alcohols, which have been, so far, the most widely used nonionics, or fatty alcohol sulfates. ... 

Description. This class of surfactants essentially covers ethoxylated derivatives of lanolin (wool fat) and castor oil. Lanolin is the generic name of a wax containing a complex mixture of esters and polyesters of high-molecular-weight alcohols (aliphatic, steroid, and triterpenoid) and fatty acids (saturated, unsaturated, hydroxylated, and non-hydroxylated). The ethoxylation is carried out on fractionation products of lanolin (lower aliphatic alcohols and sterols). 

Description. Reaction of an alkanolamide with ethylene oxide leads to an ethoxylated amide. Their properties are comparable to those of ethoxylated alcohols in addition, they contribute a viscosity-building effect and an improved dispersibility of soap scum. 

Description. Surfactants of this class are better known as sugar esters or sucrose esters. The sucrose esters are obtained by transesterification of sucrose with fatty acid methyl esters or triglycerides, leaving methanol or glycerol as by-products, respectively- Mono- and diesters are the major products. Due to the steric effects,-primary hydroxyl groups are almost exclusively subject to esterification. Both types of esters exhibit the general properties of common nonionics (i.e., ethoxylated alcohols). 

---