Alberta

Athabasca tar sands Naturally occurring mixtures of bitumen and sand found in Northern Alberta. 

Sulfur also occurs in natural gas and petroleum crudes and must be removed from these products. Formerly this was done chemically, which wasted the sulfur new processes now permit recovery. Large amounts of sulfur are being recovered from Alberta gas fields. 

Albenzadole Alberger salt Alberger salt process Alberta Yellow Albistat... 

S. B. Marray and K. B. Gorrard, Field Studies of FuelAir Explosive Eine Charges, Canadian Defense Research Est., Alberta, Canada, July 1990. 

Most heavy oil production is concentrated in California, Canada, and Venezuela. There is significant production of heavy oil in California from the Kern River field near Bakersfield and in Canada from the Cold Lake deposit in Alberta. Production generally involves steam drives, or the injection of steam into reservoirs through special wells in prescribed sequences. Oil—water mixtures are recovered, and often separated water is treated and reinjected. 

Tar sands have been reported on every continent except AustraHa and Antarctica. The best known deposits are the Athabasca of Canada, where almost 60,000 km in northeastern Alberta is underlain with an estimated 138 x 10 (870 x 10 bbl) of recoverable bitumen (157). The Alberta deposits... 

The Great Canadian Oil Sands, Ltd. (GCO) (Sun Oil Co.) has been operating a plant at Eort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, since 1967. Initially, some 8050 t/d (55,000 bbl/d) of synthetic cmde oil was produced from coking (158) with the project expanding to 9220 t/d (63,000 bbl/d). Since 1978, Syncmde Canada has been producing ca 22,000 m /d (140,000 bbl) synthetic cmde oil by fluid coking from their plant at Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada (159) with expansion planned for ca 35,000 m /d (225,000 bbl/d). 

County, N. Mex. County, Tex. County, County, N. Alberta, Amarillo, Tex. 

Butane. Butane LPO has been a significant source for the commercial production of acetic acid and acetic anhydride for many years. At various times, plants have operated in the former USSR, Germany, Holland, the United States, and Canada. Only the Hoechst-Celanese Chemical Group, Inc. plants in Pampa, Texas, and Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, continue to operate. The Pampa plant, with a reported aimual production of 250,000 t/yr, represents about 15% of the 1994 installed U.S. capacity (212). Methanol carbonylation is now the dominant process for acetic acid production, but butane LPO in estabhshed plants remains competitive. 

The lignite deposits of North Dakota and Montana extend into Canada as far as Saskatchewan. Canadian deposits are also located in Alberta, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Ontario, and Manitoba. Production by open-cast mining, ca3.5 x 10 t in 1975, was 10.8 x 10 t in 1989. 

Fig. 2. Curves 1, 2, and 3 show the spectral radiance factor for equivalent coatings of separate toluenesulfonamide—melamine—formaldehyde Day-Glo pigments containing 0.5% of a dye, either Alberta Yellow, Rhodamine F5G, or Rhodamine B Extra. Curve 4 is for a bright nonfluorescent red-orange printing ink. The illuminant was Source C. A magnesium oxide-coated block was used as a comparison white.

Canada Malting Co., Ltd. Calgary, Alberta Montreal, Quebec Thunder Bay, Ontario 400-600... 

M. D. Stevenson, W. V. Piac2ewski, and R. A. Downey, paper presented at the SPE Gas Technology Symposium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, June 28, 1993. 

Perhaps the biggest contribution that technological advancement in petroleum production will make is bringing large volumes of unconventional petroleum resources, eg, heavy oil and tar sands, into a viable economic realm by lowering the unit cost of production. Compared to the inventory of conventional petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources, the physical inventories of such unconventional petroleum resources are extremely large for example, the Athabasca tar sands in Alberta, Canada, are estimated to contain 360 x 10 m (2250 x 10 bbl) of in-place petroleum (19). This volume is equivalent to the total inventory, ie, the combined cumulative production, reserves, and undiscovered resources, of world conventional cmde petroleum. In... 

Fig. 1. Principal salt deposits and dry salt production sites in North America, where H represents the salt deposits and D, x, and Q correspond to evaporated, rock, and solar production sites, respectively. Sites in Canada, Hsted by company name (location), are Alberta, , Canadian (Lindberg) Saskatchewan, , Sifto/Namsco (Unity) and Canadian (BeUe Plaine) Ontario, and x, Sifto/Namsco (Goderich) , Canadian (Windsor) x, Canadian (Ojibway) New Bmnswick, x. Potash Corp. of Saskatchewan (Sussex) and Nova Scotia, and x, Canadian (Pugwash) and Mines Seleine (Quebec), and,...

In metallurgy, hydrogen sulfide is used to precipitate copper sulfide from nickel—copper-containing ore leach solutions in Alberta, Canada, or to precipitate nickel and cobalt sulfides from sulfuric acid leaching oflaterite ores in Moa Bay, Cuba (120) (see Metallurgy, extractive metallurgy). 

J. B. Hyne, Understanding Sulphur, paper presented at Sulphur 81, International Conference, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, May 25—28,1981. 

Elydrogen Sulfide User s Manual, Issue 3, Sheritt Gordon Ltd/Thio-Pet Chemical Ltd., Pott Saskatchewan, Alberta, Canada, Jan. 1993. 

M. C. Manderson and C. D. Cooper, Sulfur 84 International Conference Calgary, Alberta, Canada, June 3—6,1984. 

Tar sand, also variously called oil sand (in Canada) or bituminous sand, is the term commonly used to describe a sandstone reservoir that is impregnated with a heavy, viscous black extra heavy cmde oil, referred to as bitumen (or, incorrectly, as native asphalt). Tar sand is a mixture of sand, water, and bitumen, but many of the tar sand deposits in the United States lack the water layer that is beHeved to cover the Athabasca sand in Alberta, Canada, thereby faciHtating the hot-water recovery process from the latter deposit. The heavy asphaltic organic material has a high viscosity under reservoir conditions and caimot be retrieved through a weU by conventional production techniques. 

The Alberta (Athabasca) tar sand deposits are located in the northeast part of that Canadian province (Fig. 4). These are the only mineable tar sand deposits undergoing large-scale commercial exploitation as of this writing (ca 1997). 

Property Alberta Asphalt Ridge P.R. Springs Suimyside Tar Sand Triangle Texas Alabama... 

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