Akt/protein kinase

Brognard, J., Clark, A.S., Ni, Y., and Dennis. P.A. 2001. Akt/protein kinase b is constitutively active in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells and promotes cellular survival and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. 

An application of this synthetic strategy by the same group led to the development of a series of potent and selective allosteric Akt (protein kinase B/PKB) kinase inhibitors that induced apoptosis in tumor cells and inhibited Akt phosphorylation in vivo (Scheme 6.261) [451]. 

Akama, K. T. and McEwen, B. S. Estrogen stimulates post-synaptic density-95 rapid protein synthesis via the Akt/ protein kinase B pathway. /. Neurosci. 23 2333-2339,2003. 

Carson, J.P., KuUk, G., Weber, M.J. 1999, Antiapoptotic signaling in LNCaP prostate cancer cells a survival signaling pathway independent of phosphatidylinositol 3 -kinase and Akt/protein kinase B. Cancer Res Apr 59 1449-1453... 

Triciribine, also known as Akt/protein kinase B signaling inhibitor-2 (API-2) compound 52, Fig. 9), was identified by screening the National Cancer Institute Diversity Set chemical library (1992 compounds). The screen was performed using a cell-based proliferation assay with PKB/1 transformed NIH3T3 cells, and triciribine scored positive in this assay with an IC50 value of 50 nM [ 196]. Although the compound blocks the cellular phosphorylation... 

Tremblay, R Lavigne, C. Jacques, H. Marette, A. Defective insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle of high fat-fed rats is associated with alterations in both Akt/protein kinase B and atypical protein kinase C (z/1) activities. Diabetes, 50, 1901-1910 (2001)... 

Ushio-Fukai, M., Alexander, R. W., Akers, M., et al. 1999b. Reactive oxygen species mediate the activation of Akt/protein kinase B by angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 274 22699-22704. 

Gorin Y, Ricono JM, Kim NH, Bhandari B, Choudhury GG, Abboud HE. 2003. Nox4 mediates angiotensin Il-induced activation of Akt/protein kinase B in mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 285 F219-F229. 

Takahashi T, Taniguchi T, Konishi H, Kikkawa U, Ishikawa Y, Yokoyama M. 1999. Activation of Akt/protein kinase B after stimulation with angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 276 H1927-H1934. 

Whiteman EL, Cho H, Birnbaum MJ. 2002. Role of Akt/protein kinase B in metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 13 444-451. 

Kwon, T., Kwon, D.Y., Chun, J., Kim, J.H., and Kang, S.S. (2000). Akt protein kinase inhibits Racl-GTP binding through phosphorylation at serine 71 of Racl. J Biol Chem 275 423 28. 

Kelley TW, Graham MM, Doseff AI, Pomerantz RW, Lau SM, Ostrowski MC, Franke TF, Marsh CB. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes cell survival through Akt/protein kinase B. J Biol Chem 1999 274(37) 26393-8. 

Kaushal GP, Kaushal V, Flong X, Shah SV. Role of caspases and their regulation by Akt/protein kinase B phosphorylation pathway in cisplatin-induced injury to renal tubular epithelial cells. Kidney Int 2001 60 1726-1736. 

Kang SS, Kwon T, Kwon DY, Do SI. 1999. Akt protein kinase enhances human telomerase activity through phosphorylation of telomerase reverse transcriptase subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 274 13085-90... 

PBKs phosphorylate inositol lipids at the 3 position of the inositol ring to generate the 3-phosphoinositide PI(3,4,5)P3, (PIP3). PBKs of class IB are directly activated by GP t, but others PBK also belong to pathways of receptors with or coupled to tyrosine kinase activity. PIP3 may recruit to tlie membrane various protein kinases, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1), protein kinase B (PKB, or Akt), protein kinase (PKCQ, PLC t and cytosolic tyrosine kinases such as the Bruton s tyrosine kinase (Btk). 

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