Agglutination analysis

Oxidized coal coal whose properties have been modified fundamentally as a result of chemisorptions of oxygen in the air or oxygen dissolved in ground-water. Chemisorption is a surface phenomenon rarely detectable by chemical analysis but usually detectable by petrographic examination. It reduces the affinity of coal surfaces for oil and seriously impairs coking, caking, and agglutinating properties. 

For enzyme inhibition assays, urine is the preferred specimen [4]. Interestingly, Bik can be measured by the inhibition of trypsin in urine but not in plasma. Urinary Bik analysis may also be performed by antibody staining, latex agglutination, and radioimmunoassay (RIA) [4]. Despite the analytical approach used, all Bik forms are measured together. The enzyme inhibition method involves adding known amounts of trypsin to the specimen and monitoring trypsin inhibition. Trypsin activity is assessed by detection of by-products from a cleavable substrate. Dipstick methods are available for the rapid detection of trypsin inhibitors in urine [15, 17 19]. 

Etzler and Kabat purified the agglutinating principle from Dolichos seed extracts by adsorption to insoluble polyleucyl hog A + H substance.108,517 Specific elution of the adsorbent with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose gave a protein that appeared homogeneous by immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, disc-gel electrophoresis under acid and alkaline conditions, and sedimentation analysis. The amino acid composition of the protein of molecular weight 141,000 reflected a high content of aspartic acid and serine, little methionine, and no cysteine. Carbohydrate analysis showed a sugar content of 2.4% of hexose, 1.6% of hexosamine, and 1.5% of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-hexose. 

Chu et al. used polymer agglutination to determine the concentration of complement C3 in seriun [137]. Determination of the protein concentration under optimised conditions using initial rates and end-point methods produced Hnear ranges of 22.0-49.1 pgmL and 22.0-43.2 pgmL respectively. Analysis of cUnical samples showed that the Pz method was comparable to turbimitry analysis. 

Xia et al. also described a Pz immunosensor for the detection of HSA based on polymer agglutination [145]. The analysis was carried out in seriun but had a much lower sensitivity than the previous sensors, linearly detecting the antigen from 112 to 878 jigmL . Rubbing the crystal and washing allowed regeneration of the surface and reuse of the crystal. The authors used a carboxymethyl celMose polymer. 

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