Agglomeration separation processes

One other method used to size the phosphate ore is disk agglomeration. After preparation, the disk agglomerates are sintered at high temperature in separate process steps, followed by screening to the appropriate size specifications. 

Jones, A.G., 1988. Agglomeration during crystallization and precipitation. In Crystallization Manual (Harwell Separation Processes Service, AEA Technology), Volume CR II, Part 2, 60pp. 

Manas-Zloczower, I., and Feke, D. L., Analysis of agglomerate separation in linear flow fields. Intern. Polym. Process. II3/4, 185-190 (1988). 

Catalyst-supporting materials are used to immobilize catalysts and to eliminate separation processes. The reasons to use a catalyst support include (1) to increase the surface area of the catalyst so the reactant can contact the active species easily due to a higher per unit mass of active ingredients (2) to stabilize the catalyst against agglomeration and coalescence (fuse or unite), usually referred to as a thermal stabilization (3) to decrease the density of the catalyst and (4) to eliminate the separation of catalysts from products. Catalyst-supporting materials are frequently porous, which means that most of the active catalysts are located inside the physical boundary of the catalyst particles. These materials include granular, powder, colloidal, coprecipitated, extruded, pelleted, and spherical materials. Three solids widely used as catalyst supports are activated carbon, silica gel, and alumina ... 

Fluid mechanics and mixing operations in various types of equipment, agglomeration as well as disintegration and mechanical separation processes, just to mention a few, are described by parameters, the dimensions of which only consist of three base dimensions Mass, Length and Time. An isothermal process is assumed The physical properties of the material system under consideration are related to a constant process temperature. The process relationships obtained in this way are therefore valid for any constant, random process temperature to which the numerical values of the physical properties are related. This holds true as long as there is no departure from the scope of the validity of the respective process characteristic verified by the tests. 

Bonding and agglomeration by temperature elevation or reduction are applied either in conjunction with other size-enlargement processes or as a separate process. Agglomeration occurs through one or more of the following mechanisms ... 

One of the most important adsorptive bubble separation processes is nonfoaming flotation. The process is termed flotation because the species being separated from the bulk media are mainly or partially insoluble particulates, such as sludges or agglomerates. It is a nonfoaming process system in which no production of foam is involved. 3.2.3.I. Nonfoaming Precipitate Flotation... 

In general, flocculants are used in solid-liquid separation processes such as thickening and filtration. Inorganic salts are also used sometimes to aggregate fine particles. Flocculation technique has been developed further for special applications of selective flocculation, selective dispersion and agglomeration flotation. 

Ibuprofen agglomerates were prepared by a phase separation process in a mixture of ethanol and water (50/50 v/v). The saturated solution obtained at 60°C was constantly stirred and cooled down to room temperature. 

Aids can also be added prior to other separation processes. In sedimentation, for example, slow- or non-settling colloidal materials can be flocculated with sand or other cheap and dense solids, thereby making the agglomerates much more settleable. Probably the most famous process based on a similar principle is the Sirofloc process first developed in Australia by CSIRO (Australia) at around 1980 , and with at least three water treatment plants now operating in UK. CSIRO (Australia) in conjunction with AUSTEP Pty Ltd have gained much experience in the operation of wet drum separators when incorporated in the Sirofloc process for water treatment. ... 

The unit operations of solid-liquid separation and of drying are closely linked to crystallization. A solid-liquid separation process can best be improved by changes in the habit and particle size distribution obtained in the crystallization step. The same holds for the drying process. Furthermore, both the solid-liquid separation and the drying step can have a pronounced influence on the crop, with respect to chemical purity, crystal size and degree of agglomeration, and solid-state form. Thus, crystallization and the downstream processes have a mutual interference. 

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