Agglomerate formation morphology

The morphology of pure Co and pure Ni powders electrodeposited from ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride supporting electrolytes, as well as the mechanism of powder agglomerates formation, has been discussed in Chap. 2. The mechanism of alloy powders formation is practically the same as that of pure metal powders. The morphology was found to depend mainly on the Ni VCo " ions ratio (i.e., the composition of the alloy powders) and to some extent on the presence of sulfate or chloride anions, or borate. 

Simulations of physical properties of realistic Pt/support nanoparticle systems can provide interaction parameters that are used by molecular-level simulations of self-organization in CL inks. Coarse-grained MD studies presented in the section Mesoscale Model of Self-Organization in Catalyst Layer Inks provide vital insights on structure formation. Information on agglomerate formation, pore space morphology, ionomer structure and distribution, and wettability of pores serves as input for parameterizations of structure-dependent physical properties, discussed in the section Effective Catalyst Layer Properties From Percolation Theory. CGMD studies can be applied to study the impact of modifications in chemical properties of materials and ink composition on physical properties and stability of CLs. 

As discussed in the section Ionomer Structure in Catalyst Layers Redefined in Chapter 3, a theory of composition-dependent effective properties that incorporates recent insights into stmcture formation in CCLs is yet to be developed. At present, the relations presented in the section Effective Catalyst Layer Properties from Percolation Theory in Chapter 3 do not account for agglomerate formation and skin-type morphology of the ionomer film at the agglomerate surface. Qualitative trends predicted by the simple structure-based catalyst layer theory should be correct, as confirmed by the results discussed in this section. 

Rubber Chemistry and Technology 76, No.l, March-April 2003, p.239-52 FORMATION OF RUBBER PARTICLE AGGLOMERATES DURING MORPHOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN DYNAMICALLY CROSSLINKED EPDM/PP THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS. L EFFECTS OF PROCESSING AND POLYMER STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS Goharpey F Katbab A A Nazockdast H AmirKabir,University... 

The above hypothesis, that the toughening efficiency is enhanced by the formation of local agglomerations, requires intensive theoretical calculations of stress distributions as well as the preparation and characterization of morphologies with a controlled level of dispersion and local agglomeration respectively. 

Crystal morphology (i.e., both form and shape) affects crystal appearance solid-liquid separations such as filtration and centrifugation product-handling characteristics such as dust formation, agglomeration, breakage, and washing and product properties such as bulk density, dissolution kinetics, catalytic activity, dispersability, and caking. 

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