Agents intensive

Upases. The idea of using Upases in the wash process dates back to 1913 when O. Rn hm suggested a dding pancreatin [8049-47-6] to detergent formulations. Many patents have demonstrated that Upases can improve the removal of fatty stains when used in powder and liquid detergents, special presoakers, or other cleaning agents. Intense research activity is also reflected in the literature (43—45). 

The alkali metals have the interesting property of dissolving in some non-aqueous solvents, notably liquid ammonia, to give clear coloured solutions which are excellent reducing agents and are often used as such in organic chemistry. Sodium (for example) forms an intensely blue solution in liquid ammonia and here the outer (3s) electron of each sodium atom is believed to become associated with the solvent ammonia in some way, i.e. the system is Na (solvent) + e" (sohem). 

About 20 kg of scandium (as SC2O3) are now being used yearly in the U.S. to produce high-intensity lights, and the radioactive isotope 46Sc is used as a tracing agent in refinery crackers for crude oil, etc. 

Aerosol adniinistration of isoproterenol produces a prompt (2—5 minutes) intense bronchodilatation of relatively short (1 h) duration. The lack of P2-selectivity leads, in many cases, to tachycardia and blood pressure elevation. Also, use of isoproterenol, like all other known P-agonists, results in a down-regulation, or desensitization, of P-adrenergic receptors. This desensitization is only partial, and after time (depending on dose, patient, and agent), a stable, less responsive state is achieved in which P-agonists remain effective. Isoproterenol has been widely used for many years. 

Insomnia is a related psychiatric illness having potentially serious consequences. In any given year up to one-third of the general population may experience insomnia and consequently considerable impact on quaUty of life. Potentially serious psychosocial, health, and socioeconomic consequences may foUow. Many sedative—hypnotics additionally have a firmly estabUshed position within the field of anesthesiology as premedication, inducing agents, and/or for maintenance in intensive care medicine. 

Cationic surface-active agents promote wetting of the sulfur and thereby increase the reaction rate (36). The quahty of the product is improved by using photographic-grade sodium sulfite or bisulfite. Excess sulfur is filtered before evaporation (qv) and crystallization (qv). Evaporation is energy-intensive thus it is important to produce the thiosulfate solution at the highest possible concentration. The purity of the product is typically >99% sulfite and sulfate ate the main impurities. 

Nitrite can be deterrnined by reaction with sulfanilamide to form the diazo compound, which couples with /V-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form an intensely colored red azo dye. Nitrate can be deterrnined in a similar manner after reduction to nitrite. Suitable reducing agents are cadmium filings or hydrazine. This method is useful at a nitrogen concentration of 10 -lO " M. 

Most trialkylarsines are volatile Hquids with intensely disagreeable odors. They react readily with oxygen, and in some cases they ignite spontaneously when exposed to air. Triarylarsiaes are soHds that can usually be handled in air without danger of oxidation. They are, however, easily converted to triarylarsine oxides with suitable oxidi2ing agents (73). 

Physiological Effects. The sulfur and nitrogen mustards act first as cell irritants and finally as a cell poison on all tissue surfaces contacted. The first symptoms usually appear in 4—6 h (4). The higher the concentration, the shorter the interval of time between the exposure to the agent and the first symptoms. Local action of the mustards results in conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eyes) erythema (redness of the skin), which may be followed by blistering or ulceration and an inflammatory reaction of the nose, throat, trachea, bronchi, and lung tissue. Injuries produced by mustard heal much more slowly and are much more Fable to infection than bums of similar intensity produced by physical means or by other chemicals. 

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