AgBr membranes

ISFETs Sensitive to Other Ions. Deposition of an ion-selective membrane on top of the gate insulator opens the way to measurement of ions other than H . Most of the sensitive materials for ISE applications described in Section 28,2.3.1,1 have been used in conjunction with ISFETs, providing sensors covering a wide variety of species. Thus, ISFETs with solid membranes have been described with AgCl-AgBr membranes sensitive to Ag . Cr, and Br [149], for example, or with LaFs membranes sensitive to fluoride [150], Ion-sensitive polymer-matrix membranes (liquid membranes with a polymer matrix) have also been used as sensitive membranes for ISFETs. The first experiments involved mainly PVC membranes [151]. [152], but these membranes show poor adhesion and poor mechanical strength. To improve membrane adhesion, modified PVC was utilized as a matrix material [153], The use of silicones as matrix materials has made it possible to prepare very durable ISFETs with polymer-matrix membranes [154], Other reports describe the use of photopolymerized polymers as matrix materials [155], [156],... 

De Marco R, Pejcic B, Prince K, van Riessen A (2003) A multi-technique surface study of the mercury(ll) chalcogenide ion-selective electrode in saline media. Analyst 128 742-749 Pejcic B, De Marco R (2004) Characterization of an AgBr-Ag2S-As2S3-Hgl2ion-selective electrode membrane a X-ray photoelectron and impedance spectroscopy approach. Appl Surf Sci 228 378-400... 

The potentiometric determination of bromide anions with ion-selective electrodes is possible with commercial electrodes that are commonly based on solid Ag2S—AgBr ion conductor membranes [148-150]. Recently, a novel liquid film sensor has been proposed by Ganjali etal. [151] Determination of bromide was reliable without significant interference from common ions such as chloride and iodide, and was reported down to a micromolar level. The electroactive species in the liquid membrane... 

Clark oxygen electrode. [D. t. Sawyer, A. Sobkowiak, and J. L. Roberts, Jr., Electrochemistry for Chemists, 2nd eel. (New York Wiley. 1995).] A modern, commercial oxygen electrode is a three-electrode design with a Au cathode, a Ag anode, a Ag I AgBr reference electrode, and a 50-(im-thick fluorinated ethylene-propylene polymer membrane. Leland Clark, who invented the Clark oxygen electrode, also invented the glucose monitor and the heart-lung machine. 

Electrochemical (amperometric) techniques provide the possibility for in situ, continuous and automated measurements of ozone in the liquid. The membrane electrode usually consists of a gold cathode, a silver anode, an electrolyte (e. g. AgBr, K2S04 or KBr) and a teflon membrane. Several companies offer such electrodes in different configurations. The application range and accuracy differs depending on the kind of electrode. 

A record of the traveling BZ spiral as a spiral deposition of AgBr in a gel membrane (8), though it requires an additional assistance of experimentalists. 

Antibacterial membranes with a multicomponent system containing Ag, AgBr, Ti02, and hydroxyapatite as four active components were used to obtain more efficient antibacterial activity. Additionally polyurethane nanofiber webs containing silver nanoparticles using the electrospinning technique were obtained with the stability of nanoparticles after washing cycles... 

The membranes containing AgBr nanocomposites were also tested for the separation of olefin/paraffin mixtures. The incorporation of AgBr nanocomposites in... 

AgBr will be bromide selective, and so on. The selectivity observed with such silver halide precipitates follows exactly the solubility product of the respective silver salt. Consequently, the following sequence is always observed for any given silver precipitate membrane ... 

Solid state electrodes where the membrane can consist of an active substance which gives the membrane its specificity, e.g. AgQ for chloride measurement (used in sweat analysis) and AgBr for bromide measurement. 

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