Affinity heterogeneity

In 1982 a study of the usefulness of DBBF in the production of a blood substitute was reported (99). A single modification achieved the dual goals of reduced oxygen affinity and restricted tetramer—dimer dissociation. This work was confirmed in 1987 (98). The product, called aa-hemoglobin, was formulated in Ringer s lactate. P q under physiologic conditions is 3.7 kPa (28.0 torr). Hill s parameter is 2.2, and the Bohr effect was reduced (100). Plasma retention was increased, and the product appeared to be less heterogeneous than some of the other derivatives under study. Its production was scaled up by Baxter Healthcare Corp., under contract to the U.S. Army. 

The exposure of heterogeneous materials to humid environments induces different morphological changes of the polymeric structure, depending on the affinity and mode of sorption of the water. Moy and Karasz 16) presented sorption experiments of... 

Different cells express different connexin isoforms, which make for great variations in binding affinities between different hemi-connexons. Connexons do form between cells of different types but not all heterogeneous hemi-connexon combinations support the formation of connexons between different cells. This may be... 

The GA is a heterogeneous material having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic affinities. GA physicochemical responses can be handled depending on the balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. GA functional properties are closely related to its structure, which determines, for example, solubility, viscosity, degree of interaction with water and oil in an emulsion, microencapsulation ability, among others. 

Phencyclidine (1 -[1-phenylcyclohexyl]pi peridine HC1 PCP) and its active derivatives produce unique behavioral effects in animals and psychotomimetic effects in humans. Drugs of this class have been demonstrated to bind saturably, reversibly, and with high affinity to specific binding sites in brain (Hampton et al. 1982 Quirion et al. 1981 Sircar and Zukin 1983 Vincent et al. 1979 Zukin and Zukin 1979). These sites have been shown to exhibit a characteristic heterogeneous regional distribution pattern (Quirion et al. 1981 Sircar et al., submitted for publication Zukin and Zukin 1979) distinct from that of any other receptor type. 

From the foregoing discussion, it is apparent that heparin may be subdivided into an unlimited number of fractions when different separation approaches are applied to each fraction obtained by another procedure. More than a hundred fractions have been obtained by sequential use of affinity chromatography on antithrombin, precipitation with barium, and isoelectrofocusing.214 Although these fractions can scarcely be referred to as species, such an extensive fractionation stresses the concept of the heterogeneity of heparin, and the influence of minor differences in chemical constituents, or chain length, or both, on the physicochemical (and, conceivably, biological) properties of this polysaccharide. 

M. Ortega-Munoz, F. Perez-Balderas, J. Morales-Sanfrutos, F. Hemandez-Mateo, J. Isac-Garcia, and F. Santoyo-Gonzalez, Click multivalent heterogeneous neoglycoconjugates—Modular synthesis and evaluation of their binding affinities, Ear. J. Org. Chem., 2009 (2009) 2454-2473. 

Cemik, M., Borkovec, M. and Westall, J. C. (1995). Regularized least-squares methods for the calculation of discrete and continuous affinity distributions for heterogeneous sorbents, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 413-425. 

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