Adverse immunological reaction

However, therapeutic effect of these membranes has been unpredictable. The degradation time of membranes composed of collagen is variable. Therefore, the risk of adverse immunological reaction to this foreign protein material in the body is a major concern. 

Studies of the possible role of infectious inductions and/or adverse immunological reactions continue with the hope of defining the trigger mechanism for the chronic and self-perpetuating inflammatory processes in man. 

All drugs, in addition to their therapeutic effects, have the potential to do harm, i.e. to cause adverse/unwanted reactions (side effects). These may or may not be related to the principal pharmacological action of the drug. Examples of the second category are toxic effects of metabolites of a drug or immunological reactions. 

Boreham, P.F.L. and Atwell, R.B. (1983) Adverse drug reactions in the treatment of filarial parasites haematological, biochemical, immunological and pharmacological changes in Dirofilaria immitis infected dogs treated with diethylcarbamazine. International Journal for Parasitology 13, 547-556. 

Naisbitt, D J. et al., Immunological principles of adverse drug reactions the initiation and propagation of immune responses elicited by drug treatment, Drug Sqf., 23, 483, 2000. 

Gastrointestinal adverse effects of diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are observed in one third to one half of patients. A syndrome of headache, dizziness, and tinnitus (cinchonism) is observed at toxic drug concentrations. Idiosyncratic or immunologic reactions, including thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, angioneurotic edema, and fever, are observed rarely. 

Therefore, it seems likely that practolol causes an adverse reaction that has an immunological basis because of the formation of an antigen between a practolol metabolite and a protein. The reason for the bizarre manifestations of the immunological reaction and the metabolite responsible has not yet been established. 

A wide spectrum of adverse reactions may occur after ingestion of food. Adverse food reactions can be divided on the basis of immunologic and nonimmunologic pathogenetic mechanisms (Johansson et al., 2001 Sicherer, 2002). 

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