Adverse drug reactions dose response

Adverse Drug Reaction A response to a drug which is noxious or unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for prophylactics, diagnosis, or therapy of disease or for the... 

Monitor patient for response to therapy, need for dose adjustments, and presence of adverse drug reactions. 

Other important factors for the increased risk of adverse drug reactions are polypharmacy and multimorbidity. Before adding a drug the physician should try to diagnose the condition and rule out drugs as the cause of the problem. When a drug is added the dose should be lower than in younger adults and then the dose can be titrated to a therapeutic response. 

Elderly patients often exhibit an enhanced dose response to warfarin (Hylek 2001). With the knowledge of high risk for serious adverse drug reactions from warfarin, thorough monitoring of treatment is mandatory. 

Adverse drug reaction (ADR) In the preapproval clinical experience with a new medicinal product or its new usages, particularly as the therapeutic dose(s) may not be established all noxious and unintended responses to a medicinal product related to any dose should be considered adverse drug reactions. ... 

Serum chemistry markers play an important role in hepatotoxicity evaluation in human and animal safety studies. The classic markers of hepatotoxicity are alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotrasnferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) [124—127]. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity can be difficult to assess in some circumstances. Hepatotoxic responses can be intrinsic (predictable, dose-related) or idiosyncratic (unpredictable, non-dose-related). ALT, AST and ALP are generally not useful for predicting idiosyncratic responses. The administration of some drugs, such as isoniazid, can lead to a high incidence of ALT elevation, but are tolerated by most patients without severe hepatotoxicity. Adverse drug reactions can be masked... 

All noxious and unintended responses to a medicinal product related to any dose should be considered adverse drug reactions. 

IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. idiosyncratic response See adverse drug reaction, idiotype The segment of an antibody molecule that is responsible for its antigenic specificity. lED individual effective dose. lEP isoelectric point. 

The great majority of adverse drug reactions are dose related and may be readily understood as excessive responses to the expected pharmacological and physiological effects of the substance. A very small number of reactions do not fall into this category and, although they are rare, create considerable alarm because they are sometimes serious and always unexpected. 

Adverse drug reaction (ADR) A response to a drug that occurs at doses normally used or tested in humans but is noxious and unintended. The medical complications range from mild (e.g., nausea/vomiting) to severe (e.g., kidney damage). 

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